Abstract
The growth and yield of plants from different-sized seed tubers derived from true potato seed were evaluated on a per stem, per plant, and per unit area basis using either single or multiple-sprout tubers. In single-sprout tubers, haulm dry weight per stem 47 days after planting was greater in the 40–60 g tubers when compared with that in the 5–10 g or the 10–20 g tubers. This resulted in greater tuber weight per stem in the 40–60 g tubers throughout the growing season. The number of tubers per stem was not affected by seed tuber size.
In multiple-sprout seed tubers of increasing size, total tuber number and total tuber weight, as well as weight of those tubers larger than 45 mm, increased on a per plant basis but decreased on a per stem basis. At different rates of planting, 1–5 g seed tubers produced smaller tubers than 5–10 g or 10–20 g seed tubers. Increased rate of planting resulted in non-significant yield increases per unit area in plots planted with 1–5 g seed tubers. The yield increases were significant when 5–10 g and 10–20 g seed tubers were planted at higher rates. The number of main stems per unit of seed tuber weight was five times greater in 1–5 g tubers compared with that in 40–60 g tubers. This resulted in low seed weights per hectare when small tubers were planted and in a high ratio of harvested to planted tuber weight.
Resumen
Se evaluó el crecimiento y rendimiento de las plantas provenientes de tubérculos-semillas de diferentes tamaños obtenidos de semilla botánica, en base a los resultados obtenidos por tallo, por planta y por unidad de superficie, utilizando tubérculos con un solo brote o con múltiples brotes. En los tubérculos con un solo brote, el peso seco del follaje por tallo a los 47 días después de la siembra fue mayor para los tubérculos de 40–60 g en comparación con el obtenido de los tubérculos de 5–10 g ó de los de 10–20 g. Esto dio por resultado un peso mayor de tubérculos por tallo para los tubérculos de 40–60 g, a través de toda la estación de cultivo. El número de tubérculos por tallo no fue afectado por el tamaño de los tubérculos-semillas.
En tubérculos-semillas con múltiples brotes y de tamaños de menor a mayor, el número total de tubérculos y el peso total de los mismos, al igual que el peso de los tubérculos mayores de 45 mm, se incrementó por planta, pero disminuyó por tallo. A diferentes densidades de siembra, los tubérculossemillas de 1–5 g produjeron tubérculos más pequeños que los producidos por tubérculos-semillas de 5–10 g ó de 10–20 g. La mayor densidad de siembra dio por resultado incrementos no-significativos de rendimiento por unidad de superificie en parcelas sembradas con tubérculos-semillas de 1–5 g. Los incrementos en el rendimiento fueron significativos cuando se sembraron tubérculos-semillas de 5–10 gy de 10–20 g, a mayores densidades. El número de tallos principales, por unidad de peso de tubérculos-semillas, fue cinco veces mayor en tubérculos de 1–5 g en comparación con el observado para tubérculos de 40–60 g. Esto dio lugar a bajos pesos de semilla por hectárea cuando se sembraron tubérculos pequenos y a una relación alta entre el peso de tubérculos cosechados y el de tubérculos sembrados.
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Wiersema, S.G., Cabello, R. Comparative performance of different-sized seed tubers derived from true potato seed. American Potato Journal 63, 241–249 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02852936
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02852936