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The integumentary tapetum

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Abstract

Commonly found in sympetalous plants with unitegmic and tenuinucellate ovules, the integumentary tapetum exhibits great diversity in its distribution, morphology, cytology, differentiation, and behaviour. It is separated from the nucellus and embryo sac by layers of cuticle. The thickness, uniformity and continuity of cuticle is variable not only in diverse taxa but also at different places in the same species. The cuticular layers manifest interruptions, and the embryo sac wall bears certain ingrowths in the regions of these discontinuities. Ultrastructurally, the endothelial cells show characteristics of meristematic as well as secretory cells. Sometimes they develop wall projections and even contain multivesicular bodies. Large quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, ascorbic acid and some enzymes such as oxidative enzymes, amylases, proteases are also known to occur. Besides, a deposition of callose at the onset of pollination is recorded inPetunia. Proliferation of the integumentary tapetum in some hybrids results in seed abortion. It is believed that endothelium helps in coordinating growth in the ovule, channelizes nutrition to the embryo sac, and later performs the protective function.

Résumé

La jacquette qui se trouve souvent dans les plantes sympetalous aux ovules unitegmics et tenuinucellates, exhibe une grande diversité dans sa distribution, morphologie, cytologie, différentiation et comportement. Elle est separée du sac embryonnaire et de la micelle par des couches cuticulaires. L’épaisseur, l’uniformité et la continuité du cuticle varient non seulement dans divers taxa mais aussi dans différents endroits de l’espèce. Les couches cuticulaires sont caracterisées par des interruptions sous lesquelles se trouvent certains plis qui viennent du sac embryonnaire. Ultrastructuralement, les cellules de la jacquette démontrent des caractéristiques méristématiques, et sécréteuses. Parfois ces cellules developpement des projections du mur et possèdent de certains corps multivésiculaires. On a aussi trouvé des protéines, des carbohydrates, de l’acide ascorbique, et des enzymes comme de l’enzyme oxidative, des amylases, des protéases, en grandes quantités. En outre, on a aussi détecté une déposition de callose dans le cas dePetunia, au commencement de pollinisation. La proliferation de la jacquette dans certaines hybrides cause l’avortement de la graine. On pense que la jacquette aide à la coordination de l’accroissement de l’ovule, achemine des substances nutritives au sac embryonnaire, et plus tard sert de fonction protectrice.

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Kapil, R.N., Tiwari, S.C. The integumentary tapetum. Bot. Rev 44, 457–490 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02860847

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