Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Extraction and utilization of carotenes and xanthophylls

  • Published:
Economic Botany Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Commercial methods are described for extracting carotenes and xanthophylls from alfalfa, carrots and palm oil. Utilization of these carotenoids as vitamin A precursors and coloring agents in margarines, dough products, Pharmaceuticals, stock and poultry feeds is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Bibliography

  1. Baizot, P., and Cuvier, P. [Preparation of carotene from palm oil.] Farmaco, Ed. prat (Pavia)8: 3–10. 1953

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Barnett, H. M. Isolation of carotene from palm oil. U. S. Patent 1,978,981. 1934

  3. -. Carotene crystals from carrot oil. U. S. Patent 1,988,031. 1935

  4. -. Carotene extraction. U. S. Patent 2,412,707. 1946 Carotene concentrate. U. S. Patent 2,348,443. 1944 Reissue 22,629. 1945

  5. Bickoff, E. M., et al. Comparative evaluation of antioxidants for carotene. Jour. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.29: 445–446. 1952

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Blair, E. H., et al. Isolation and characterization of constituents of alfalfa wax. Ind. & Eng. Chem.45: 1104–1106. 1953

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Boldingh, J. Separating oil-soluble substances. U. S. Patent 2,632,012. 1953 Dutch Patent 66,316. 1950

  8. Brockman, H., and Völker, O. Der gelbe Federfarbstoff des Kanarienvogels und das Vorkommen von Carotinoiden bei Vögeln. Zeits. Physiol. Chem. 224: 193–215. 1934

    Google Scholar 

  9. Brown, W. L. Some effects of pimiento pepper on poultry. Ga. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 160: 1–11. 1930

    Google Scholar 

  10. —. The quantitative relation of egg yolk pigmentation to pimiento feeds. Ga. Agr. Exp. Sta,, Bull.183: 1–8. 1934

    Google Scholar 

  11. —. A contribution to the chemistry of pepper pigments—The red pigment in the perfection pimiento(Capsicum annuum). Jour. Biol. Chem.110: 91–94. 1935

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. — The influence of pimiento pigments on the color of the egg yolk of fowls. Jour. Biol. Chem.122: 655–659. 1938

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Burdick, E. M. Chlorophylls, carotenes and xanthophylls. Chemurgic Digest12(6-7): 11–13. 1953

    Google Scholar 

  14. Chitre, R. G., and Desai, D. B. Some rich sources of active carotenoid. Jour. Sci. & Ind. Res. [India]6B: 102–103. 1947

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Devine, J., et al. Preparation of beta-carotene of a high degree of purity. Biochem. Jour.39: 5–6. 1945

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Dijkstra, N. D. [The importance of carotene content of roughage in daily rations of dairy cattle.] Conserva1: 354–356. 1953

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Eckey, E. W. Carotenoids from palm oil. British Patent 567,682. 1945 U. S. Patent 2,460,796. 1949

  18. Fisher, A. W. Microscopic algae as industrial raw materials. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Publ.600: 311–315. 1953

    Google Scholar 

  19. Gilman, H. Organic chemistry. Vol.II, p. 1163 1938

    Google Scholar 

  20. Grimbleby, F. H., and Black. D. S. G. Variations in the pigment and vitamin A content of egg yolk. Brit. Jour. Nutrition4: 323–331. 1950

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. — Variations in the composition of egg yolk pigment. Brit. Jour. Nutrition6: 393–397. 1953

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Heiman, V., and Wilhelm, L. A. Transmissions of xanthophylls in feeds to yolk of the hen egg. Poultry Sci.16: 400–403. 1937

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hickman, K. C. D., and Baxter, J. G. Carotene concentrations from natural materials. British Patent 565,095. 1944

    Google Scholar 

  24. Hughes, J. S., and Payne, L. F. Carotenoid pigments of feed and the carotenoid pigments of egg yolk. Poultry Sci.16: 135–138. 1937

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hunter, R. F., et al. Palm oil carotenoids. III. Examination of the lipoid pigments. Biochem. Jour.38: 209–211. 1944

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. — and Krakenberger, R. M. Palm oil carotenoids. V. Examination of sese palm oil. Biochem. Jour.40: 492–493. 1946

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Inagaki, C., et al. Extraction of carotene from feces of silkworm. Vitamins [Japan]5: 348–349. 1952

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Inhoffen, H. H., et al. [Complete synthesis of beta-carotene.] Chem. Zeit.74: 285. 1950

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. -, Inhoffen, H. H. and Pommer, H. Compounds with the skeleton of beta-carotene and their manufacture. U. S. Patent 2,609,396. 1952

  30. Irvine, G. N., and Anderson, J. A. Factors affecting the color of macaroni. I. Fractionation of the xanthophyll pigments of durum wheats. Cereal Chem.26: 507–512. 1949

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. — and Winkler, C. A. II. Kinetic studies of pigment destruction during mixing. Cereal Chem.27: 205–218. 1950

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ishisaka, O. Water soluble carotenoid. Japan Patent 2,746. 1951

    Google Scholar 

  33. Judah, M. A., et al. Chlorophyll by solvent extraction. Ind. & Eng. Chem.46: 2262–2271. 1954

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Knafo, G. [Some applications of the formation of complex compounds between urea and fats.] Bull. mens. Inst. Tech. Études et recherches gras6: 323–330. 1952

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Kutsev, S. S., andZvorykina, V. V. [Preparation of carotene from palm oil.] Vitamin Research News (USSR) 1946: no.1, 95.

  36. Lange, W., and Folzenlogen, R. G. Carotene concentrate. U. S. Patent 2,484,040. 1949

  37. Mann, T. B. Plant pigments. German Patent 806,808. 1951

    Google Scholar 

  38. Manunta, C. [Flour pigments of various Italian Tritium varieties.] Genet. Agrar.1: 38–59. 1946

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Mitchell, H. L., et al. Preparation of carotene concentrates from dehydrated alfalfa meals. Ind. & Eng. Chem.45: 415–417. 1953

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Morgan, W. A., and Woodroof, J. G. Waste pimiento pepper for coloring egg yolks. Ga. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull.147: 210–215. 1927

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Nebbia, G. [Test for artificial coloring in dough products with beta-carotene.] Boll, lab. chim. provincial Bologna2: 58–60. 1951

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Palmer, L. S., and Kempster, H. L. The influence of specific feeds and certain pigments on the color of egg yolk and body fat of fowls. Jour. Biol. Chem.39: 331–337. 1919

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. -, Carotenoids and related pigments. A. C. S. Monograph No.9. 1922

  44. Passino, H. J. Concentrating carotenes. U. S. Patent 2,615,927. 1952

  45. Petering, H. G., et al. Isolation of carotene from green plant tissue. Ind.& Eng. Chem.32: 1407–1412. 1940

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Ronning, M., et al. Carotene requirements for reproduction in Guernsey cattle. Jour. Dairy Sci.36: 52–56. 1953

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Sadana, J. C, and Bashir Ahmad. Carotenoid pigments of different varieties of oranges. Jour. Sci. & Ind. Res. [India]7B: 96–100. 1948

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. — Production of carotene and protein concentrates from leaf wastes by anaerobic digestion. Jour. Sci. & Ind. Res. [India]10B: 214–217. 1951

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Shearon, W. H., and Gee, O. F. Carotene and chlorophyll—commercial Chromatographic production. Ind. & Eng. Chem.41: 218–226. 1949

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Shertz, F. M. Some physical and chemical properties of carotin and the preparation of the pure pigment. Jour. Agr. Res.30: 469–474. 1925

    Google Scholar 

  51. — Some physical and chemical properties of xanthophyll and the preparation of the pure pigment. Jour. Agr. Res.30: 575–585. 1925

    Google Scholar 

  52. — Isolation of chlorophyll, carotene and xanthophyll by improved methods. Ind.& Eng. Chem.30: 1073–1075. 1938

    Google Scholar 

  53. Solodkii, F. T. [Utilization of tree needles, extraction of carotene and Vitamin C] Lesnaya Prom. 1944: No. 3, 4–6.

  54. Strain, H. H. Chromatographie adsorption analysis. Ind. & Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed.14: 245–249. 1942

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. — et al. Xanthophylls and carotenes of the diatoms, brown algae, dinoflagellates and sea-anemones. Biol. Bull.86: 169–191. 1944

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Tabor, J. M., et al. Extracting pigments U. S. Patent 2,440,029. 1948

    Google Scholar 

  57. -, et al. Conditioning hand soap for solvent extraction. U. S. Patent 2,461,300, 1949

  58. Villere, J. F., et al. Isolation of carotene from sweet potatoes. Food Ind.16: 76 1944

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Wall, M. E., et al. Carotene concentrates from vegetable wastes. Ind. & Eng Chem.36: 1057–1060. 1944

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Weis, A. E., and Bisbey, B. The relation of carotenoid pigments of the diets to growth of young chicks and to storage in their tissues. Missouri Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull.405: 5–51. 1947

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Willstatter, R., and Stoll, A. Untersuchungen über Cholorphyll. 1913

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 4821 Ronda Street, Coral Gable, Fla

    Everette M. Burdick (Chemical consultant)

Authors
  1. Everette M. Burdick
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Burdick, E.M. Extraction and utilization of carotenes and xanthophylls. Econ Bot 10, 267–279 (1956). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02899007

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02899007

Keywords

Search

Navigation