Abstract
Driven by the continuing Moore’s Law evolution in chip technology, power dissipation of nanoelectronics chips could exceed 300W, with heat fluxes above 150W/cm2, within the next few years, along with localized, sub-millimeter zones with heat fluxes in excess of 1kW/cm2. New and novel cooling techniques, with the ability to selectively cool sub-millimeter “sun spots” while providing effective global cooling for high heat flux chips are needed. Several promising approaches, including the application of miniaturized silicon and BiTe thermoelectric coolers and direct cooling with dielectric liquids through thin film evaporation, will be described.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
iNEMI, Electronics Manufacturing Initiative Technology Roadmap, 2006,http://www.nemi.org
Sherwood, G. and Cray, S., 1992, “Gas-liquid forced turbulence cooling”, US patent 5131233.
Hetsroni, G., 1982, Handbook of Multi-Phase Systems, 2:30–2:40, McGraw Hill.
Taitel, Y., 1990, “Flow Pattern Transition in Two-Phase Flow”, Keynote, Proceedings of the 9th International Heat Transfer Conference, Jerusalem, Israel, 237–254.
Yang, Y., Fujita, Y., 2004, “Flow boiling heat transfer and flow pattern in rectangular channel of mini-gap”, Second International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels (ICMM2004-2383), New York, USA.
Bar-Cohen, A., Sher, I., Rahim, E., 2006, “On the Application of Macro-Pipe Two-Phase Heat Transfer Correlations and Flow Regime Maps to Mini-Channels”, ICNMM2006-96249, Proceedings of ASME 4th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels, Limerick, Ireland.
Bar-Cohen, A., Sherwood, G., Hodes, M., andSolbreken, G., 1995, “Gas-Assisted Evaporative Cooling of High Density Electronic Modules,” IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology, Vol 18, No. 3, pp 502–509.
Bar-Cohen, A. and Solbreken, G., 1995, “Gas-Assisted Evaporative Cooling in a Narrow Channel”, Proceedings of the Engineering Foundation Conference, Convective Flow Boiling, Banff, Canada, May 1995.
Solbreken, G. and Bar-Cohen, A., 1995, “Gas-Assisted Evaporative Water Cooling of High Flux Surfaces,” Proceedings of the 30th National Heat Transfer Conference — Vol 2, ASME Publication HTD-Vol 304, pp 91–100.
Baroczy, C. J., “Correlation of liquid fraction in two-phase flow with applications to liquid metals”, Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser., Vol. 61, No. 57, pp. 179–191, 1965.
Chen, J. C., 1996, “Correlation for Boiling Heat Transfer to Saturated Fluids in Convective Flow”, Industrial an Engineering Chemistry — Process Design and Development, Vol. 5, No. 3, 322–329.
Kabov, O., “Cooling of Microelectronics by Thin Liquid Films,” Keynote Lecture, Proceedings International Workshop on Wave Dynamics and Stability of Thin Film Flow Systems, China India, Narosa Publishing House, pp 279–311, 2006
Shakouri, A., andYan Zhang; “On-chip solid-state cooling for integrated circuits using thin-film microrefrigerators”, IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies, Part A: vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 65–69, 2005.
Wang, P., Bar-Cohen, A., Yang, B., “Enhanced Thermoelectric Cooler for On-Chip Hot Spot Cooling”, Proceedings of IPACK2007, July 8–12, 2007, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Mahajan, R., Chiu, C., and Prasher, R., “Thermal Interface Materials: A Brief Review of Design Characteristics and Materials”, Electronics Cooling, vol.10, no.1, 2004.
Wang, P., Bar-Cohen, A., Yang, B., Solbrekken, G., Shakouri, A., 2006, “Analytical Modeling of Silicon Thermoelectric Microcooler”, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 100, Issue 1, Published online July 6, 2006.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Keynote Lecture was presented on the Second International Topical Team Workshop on TWO-PHASE SYSTEMS FOR GROUND AND SPACE APPLICATIONS October 26–28, 2007, Kyoto, Japan.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bar-Cohen, A., Wang, P. & Rahim, E. Thermal management of high heat flux nanoelectronic chips. Microgravity Sci. Technol 19, 48–52 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02915748
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02915748