Skip to main content
Log in

Exon shuffling: New genes from old

  • Molecular Immunology
  • Published:
Survey of Immunologic Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Steinmetz, M.; Hood, L.: Genes of the major histocompatibility complex in mouse and man. Science222: 727–733 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Evans, G.A.; Margulies, D.H.; Shykind, B.; Seidman, J.G.; Ozato, K..: Exon shuffling: mapping polymorphic determinants on hybrid mouse transplantation antigens. Nature, Lond.300: 755–757 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Allen, H.; Wraith, D.; Pala, P.; Askonas, B.; Flavell, R.A.: Domain interactions of H-2 class I antigens alter cytotoxic T-cell recognition sites. Nature, Lond.309: 279–281 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Arnold, B.; Burgert, H.-G.; Hamann, U.; Hammerling, G.; Kees, U.; Kvist, S.: Cytolytic T cells recognize the two amine-terminal domains of H-2 K antigens in tandem in influenza infected cells. Cell38: 79–87 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Stroynowski, I.; Orn, A.; Goodenow, R.S.; McMillan, M.; Forman, J.; Brayton, P.R.; Frelinger, J.; Hood, L.: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize determinants on the BALB/c-H-2Ld molecule controlled by αl and α2 but not α3 external domains. Immunogenetics20: 141–154 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Zuniga, M.C.; Malissen, B.; McMillan, M.; Brayton, P.R.; Clark, S.S.; Forman, J.; Hood, L.: Expression and function of transplantation antigens with altered or deleted cytoplasmic domains. Cell34: 535–544 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Murre, C; Choi, E.; Weis, J.; Seidman, J.G.; Ozato, K.; Liu, L.; Burakoff, S.J.; Reiss, C.S.: Dissection of serological and cytolytic T lymphocyte epitopes on murine major histocornpatibility antigens by a recombinant H-2 gene separating the first two external domains. J. exp. Med.160: 167–178 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Murre, C; Reiss, C.J.; Bernabeu, C; Chen, L.B.; Burakoff, S.J.; Seidman, J.G.: Construction, expression and recognition of an H-2 molecule lacking its carboxyl terminus. Nature, Lond.307: 432–436 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Jordan, B.R.; Lemonnier, F.A.; Caillol, D.H.; Trucy, J.: Transformation of murine LMTK- cells with purified HLA class I genes. III. Human HLA class I antigens coded by hybrid genes constructed in vitro indicate association of serologic reactivities with the first two domains of the molecule. Immunogenetics18: 165–171 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Germain, R.N.; Ashwell, J.D.; Lechler, R.I.; Margulies, D.H.; Nickerson, K.M.; Suzuki, G.; Tou, J.Y.L.: Exon-shuffling maps control of antibody and T cell recognition sites to the NH2-terminal domain of Aβ. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. USA (in press 1985).

  11. McCluskey, J.; Germain, R.N.; Margulies, D.H.: Cell surface expression of an in vitro recombinant class II/class I major histocompatibility complex gene product. Cell40: 247–257 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Shiroishi, T.; Evans, G.A.; Appeila, E.; Ozato, K.: Role of a disulfide bridge in the immune function of major histocompatibility class I antigen as studied by in vitro mutagenesis. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. USA81: 7544–7548 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Klein, J.: Biology of the mouse histocompatibility complex (Springer, Berlin 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Snell, G.; Dausset, J.; Nathenson, S.G.: Histocompatibility (Academic Press, New York 1976).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Schwartz, R.S.: Functional properties of I region gene products and theories of immune response (Ir) gene function; in Femme, David, Ia Antigens. I. Mice, pp. 161–218 (CRC Press, Boca Raton 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Coligan, J.E.; Kindt, T.J.; Uehara, H.; Martinko, J.; Nathenson, S.G.: Primary structure of a murine transplantation antigen. Nature, Lond.291: 35–39 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Nathenson, S.G.; Uehara, H.; Ewenstein, B.; Kindt, T.J.; Coligan, J.E.: Primary structural analysis of the transplantation antigens of the murine H-2 major histocompatibility complex. A. Rev. Biochem.50: 1025–1052 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Jones, P.P.: Analysis of H-2 and Ia molecules by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J. exp. Med.146: 1261–1272 (1977).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Steinmetz, M.; Moore, K.V.; Frelinger, J.G.; Sher, B.T.; Shen, F.-W.; Boyse, E.A.; Hood, L.: A pseudogene homologous to mouse transplantation antigens: transplantation antigens are encoded by eight exons that correlate with protein domains. Cell25: 683–692 (1981).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Evans, G.A.; Margulies, D.H.; Camerini-Otero, R.D.; Ozato, K.; Seidman, J.G.: Structure and expression of a mouse major histocompatibility antigen gene, H-2Ld. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. USA79: 1994–1998 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Kvist, S.; Roberts, L.; Dobberstein, B.: Mouse histocompatibility genes: structure and organisation of a Kd gene. EMBO J.2: 245–254 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Weiss, E.; Golden, L.; Zakut, R.; Mellor, A.; Fahmer, K.; Kvist, S.; Flavell, R.A.: The DNA sequence of the H-2Kb gene: evidence for gene conversion as a mechanism for the generation of polymorphism in histocompatibility antigens. EMBO J.2: 453–462 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Parnes, J.; Seidman, J.G.: Structure of wild-type and mutant mouse β2-microglobulin genes. Cell29: 661–669 (1982).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Shackelford, D.A.; Kaufman, J.F.; Korman, A.J.; Strominger, J.L.: HLA-DR antigens: structure, separation of subpopulations, gene cloning and function. Immunol. Rev.66: 133–187 (1982).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Choi, E.; Mclntyre, K.; Germain, R.N.; Seidman, J.G.: Murine I-A chain polymorphism: nucleotide sequences of three allelic I-Aβ; genes. Science221: 283–286 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Malissen, M.; Hunkapiller, T.; Hood, L.: Nucleotide sequence of a light chain gene of the mouse I-A subregion: Aβ. Science221: 750–754 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Hyldig-Nielsen, J.J.; Schenning, L.; Hammerling, U.; Widmark, E.; Heldin, E.; Lind, P.; Servenius, B.; Lund, T.; Flavell, R.; Lee, J.S.; Trowsdale, J.; Schreir, P.H.; Zablitsky, F.; Larhammar, D.; Peterson, P.A.; Rask, L.: The complete nucleotide sequence of the I-Ed α immune response gene. Nucl. Acids Res.11: 5055–5071 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Mathis, D.J.; Benoist, C.O.; Williams, II, V.E.; Kanter, M.E.; McDevitt, H.O.: The murine Eα, immune response gene. Cell32: 745–754 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Patten, P.; Yokota, T.; Rothbard, J.; Chien, Y.-H.; Arai, K.-L; Davis, M.M.: Structure, expression, and divergence of T-cell receptor β; chain variable regions. Nature, Lond.312: 40–46 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Bluestone, J.A.; Foo, M.; Allen, H.; Flavell, R.A.: Allospecific cytolytic T lymphocytes recognize conformational determinants on hybrid mouse transplantation antigens (submitted for publication, 1984).

  31. Ozato, K.; Evans, G.A.; Shykind, B.; Margulies, D.H.; Seidman, J.G.: Hybrid H-2 histocompatibility gene products assign domains recognized by alloreactive T cells. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. USA80: 2040–2043 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Reiss, C.S.; Evans, G.A.; Margulies, D.H.; Seidman, J.G.; Burakoff, S.J.: Allospecific and virusspecific cytolytic T lymphocytes are restricted to the N or Cl domain of H-2 antigens expressed on L cells after DNA-mediated gene transfer. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. USA50: 2709–2712 (1983).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Malissen, B.; Peele-Price, M.; Goverman, J.M.; McMillan, M.; White, J.; Kappler, J.; Marrack, P.; Pierres, A.; Pierres, M.; Hood, L.: Gene transfer of H-2 class II genes: antigen presentation by mouse fibroblast and hamster B cell lines. Cell36: 319–327 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Norcross, M.A.; Bentley, D.M.; Margulies, D.H.; Germain, R.N.: Membrane Ia expression and antigen-presenting accessory cell function of L cells transfected with class II MHC genes. J. exp. Med.160: 1316–1337 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Gordon, J.W.; Scangos, G.A.; Plotkin, D.J.; Barbosa, J.A.; Ruddle, F.H.: Genetic transformation of mouse embryos by microinjection of purified DNA. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. USA77: 7380–7384 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Constantini, F.; Lacy, E.: Introduction of a rabbit β globin gene into the mouse germ line. Nature, Lond.294: 92–94 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Margulies, D.H., McCluskey, J. Exon shuffling: New genes from old. Surv. immunol. Res. 4, 146–159 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02918810

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02918810

Keywords

Navigation