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The effect of different sowing densities and nutrient levels on leaf area index, production and distribution of dry matter in maize (zea mays l.)

Vplyv rôznej hustoty porastu a hladín živín na index listovej pokryvnosti, produkeiu a dislribúein sušiny u kukurice (Zea mays L.)

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Biologia Plantarum

Abstract

The course of biological curves of accumulation of total (Ybiol), vegetative (Yveg) and grain dry matter (Ygr) in maize(Zea mays L.)was investigated in a field experiment. The different population densities from 27 777 to 121 418 plants per ha were tested in interaction with increasing fertilizer rates (NPK) ranging from zero to 780 kg of pure nutrients per ha. The grain yield (Fgr) plotted against the population density shows a parabolic trend with a maximum at densities from 64 000 to 79 000 plants per ha. An asymptotic trend was obtained for the curve of biological yield (Fbiol) in relation to the population density. The optimum densities for Ygr and Fbiol were identical in the unfertilized control plot. At optimum and higher population levels the application of optimum rate of pure nutrients was 260 kg per ha. Leaf area index(L) was rising with the increasing stand density. Its value was also increased by increasing mineral nutrition but only at plant densities higher than 64 000 plants per ha. The proportion of Ygr/ Ybiol showed an optimum atL value within 2.03 and 2.68. Its value declined with further increase of both, stand densities and levels of NPK. The optimumL estimated for Ygr was within 2.65 and 3.87 and that for Yol in the control variant was 2.65. Tn fertilized plots even the highestL values (5.17) did not influence neither the biological nor the vegetative dry matter yields. Relative photosynthetic potential for dry matter formation (RPP gr) was decreasing with the increasing stand density.

Abstract

V polnom pokuse sme sledovali priebeh biologickych kriviek nahromadzovania sušiny cel-kovej (Utiol), vegetatívnej (Uveg) a. sušiny zrna (Uhosp) kukurice (Zea mays L.). Skúmali sme roz-ličné hustoty porastu v rozpätí od 27 777 do 121 418 rastlín na ha v interakcii so stúpajúcim minerálnym hnojením NPK v rozpäti 0 a~ 780 kg č. ~. na ha. Krivka zmien výnosu zrna (Uhosp) mala vzhladom na stúpajúcu hustotu porastu parabolieký priebeh s maximom v hustotách 64 000 až 79 000 rastlín na ha. Krivka zmien výnosu biologiekého ( Ubiol) mala vzhladom na zvyšujúcu sa hustotu porastu priebeh asymptoticky. U nehnojeného (kontrólneho) variantu bola optimálna hustota pre Uhosp aUbiol toto~ná. Hodnota indexu listovej pokryvnosti(L) so stúpajúcou hustotou porastu stúpala a ticŽ stúpajúca minerálna výiíiva zvyšovala hodnotuL, no len pri hustotách vyssích ako 64 000 rastlín na ha. Najvyššieho koeficientu hospodárskej efektívkosti fotosyntézy (Khosp) bolo dosiahnutó pri optimálnomL v rozpítí 2,03 a~ 2,68; pri dalšom stúpaní hustoty ako i pri stúpaní hladiny NPK jeho velkosí klesala. Pre Uhosp bol stano-veny optimálnyL v rozpätí 2,65 až 3,87. OptimálnyL pre Ubiol pre kontrólny variant bol 2,65. U hnojených variantov ani najvyššie zistené hodnotyL = 5,17 neznížili Ubiol a Uveg. Relatívny fotosyntetický potenciál pre tvorbu sušiny zrna (RPPhosp) so vzostupom hustoty porastu klesal.

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Abbreviations

Ygr :

grain yield

Yveg :

yield of vegetative shoot dry matter

Ybiol :

biological yield (total shoot dry matter)

L:

leaf area index

As :

specific leaf area

Cecon :

grain yield proportion of biological yield

RPP:

relative photosynthetic potential

RPPgr :

RPP of grain

RPPveg :

RPP of vegetative organs

RPPbiol :

RPP total

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  1. Maize Research Institute, Trnava

    J. Vidovič & V. Pokorný

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  1. J. Vidovič
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  2. V. Pokorný
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Vidovič, J., Pokorný, V. The effect of different sowing densities and nutrient levels on leaf area index, production and distribution of dry matter in maize (zea mays l.). Biol Plant 15, 374–382 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02922756

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02922756

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