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Multipath depolarization theory combining antenna with atmospheric and ground reflection effects

Théorie de la dépolarisation par trajets multiples due aux imperfections de l’antenne aux effets atmosphériques et aux réflexions sur le sol

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Abstract

A formulation combining three sources of cross polarization in multipath propagation is given. The first relates to finite antenna isolation which becomes worse for off-axis multipath reception. Antenna amplitude and phase patterns are most important. The second, associated with atmospheric refractive index variations, requires asymmetric gradients for both linear and circular polarization. This by itself is the least signifiant source of depolarization but these rays cause variable interference between themselves and with other rays. The third is due to rays reflected once or twice from the ground. For linear polarization, inclined ground reflectors are required, but for circular polarization, polarization-dependent reflection coefficients are sufficient to give cross-polarization.

Analyse

On présente un modèle combinant trois causes de dépolarisation dans une propagation à trajets multiples. La première cause est le découplage limité de l’antenne qui devient plus critique dans le cas de réception à trajets multiples en dehors de l’axe. Les diagrammes d’amplitude et de phase de l’antenne sont très importants. La seconde cause associée aux variations de l’indice de réfraction de l’atmosphère est l’assymétrie des gradients à la fois pour la polarisation circulaire et pour la polarisation linéaire. Cette cause est la moins importante mais elle peut entraîner des brouillages entre les rayons dépolarisés et éventuellement d’autres rayons. La troisième cause est la réflexion simple ou double des ondes sur le sol. Pour la polarisation linéaire, il doit y avoir inclinaison des réflecteurs par rapport au sol, mais que pour la polarisation circulaire, les facteurs de réflexion qui dépendent de la polarisation sont une cause suffisante de dépolarisation.

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Shkarofsky, I.P., Nickerson, S.B. Multipath depolarization theory combining antenna with atmospheric and ground reflection effects. Ann. Télécommun. 36, 83–88 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02997009

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02997009

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