Abstract
A new photosynthetic bacterium isolate was morphologically identified as a non-motile rod-shape gram-negative bacterium. It produced a dark red culture under phototrophic condition, reproduced by budding and formed a lamellar intracytoplasmic membrane system parallel to cytoplasmic membrane, which contained bacteriochlorophyll a and caratenoids. It’s physiological and nutrient requirement tests gave indication that the isolate thrived and multiplied in varied environmental conditions. It was consequently named Z08 and identified as Rhodobacter sphaeroides by 16SrDNA. Adaptation of Z08 to biodegradation of two environmentally concerned wastewaters, i.e. soybean and pharmaceutical wastewaters, attested its potential in wastewater bioremediation. Z08 adaptation in a suspended batch photobioreactor treating pharmaceutical wastewater at 3500lx radiation recorded best result after wastewater dilution of 1:4 with concomitant chemical oxygen demand reduction, biomass yield and specific growth of 50 %, 780 mg/L and 0.015/h, respectively at the lowest hydraulic retention time of three days. Furthermore, gas chromatography mass spectra analyses of treated and raw pharmaceutical wastewater indicated that high molecular weight recalcitrant compounds found in the pharmaceutical wastewater were transformed to less toxic and acceptable lower molecular weight substances through biodegradation. Whilst Z08 treatment of soybean wastewater under natural light intensity radiation recorded 80 % reduction, 1540 mg/L and 0.025/h for chemical oxygen demand, biomass and specific growth rate respectively regardless of the food to microorganism ratio. This preliminary investigation showed that isolate Z08 has some toxic tolerance level which could detoxify refractory substances with great potential for cell protein recovery in high organic strength wastewater. Therefore, strain Z08 could be employed in biodegradation of contaminated wastewater streams.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Altschul, S. F.; Gish, W.; Myers, E. W.; Lipman, D. J., (1990). Basic local alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol., 215(3), 403–410 (8 pages).
Banerjee, S.; Azad, S. A.; Vikineswary, S., Selvaraj, O. S.; Mukherjee, T. K., (2000).Phototrophic bacteria as fish feed supplements. Asian-Austral. J. Anim. Sci., 13(7), 991–994 (4 pages).
Chae, S. A.; Hwang, F.; Akira, H., (2006). Single cell protein production of Euglena gracilis and carbondioxide fixation in an innovative photobioreactor. Bioresour. Tech., 97(2), 322–329 (8 pages).
Choorit, W.; Thanahoset, P.; Thongpradistha, J.; Sasaki, K.; Noparatnaraporn, N., (2002). Identification and cultivation of photosynthetic bacteria in wastewater from a concentrated latex processing factory. Biotech. Lett., 24(13), 1055–1058 (4 pages).
Ding, C., (2008). Experiments on the biodegradation of phenol wastewater by immobilized photosynthetic bacteria. Water Resour. Prot., 24(3), 93–95 (3 pages).
Fain, M. G.; Haddock, J. D., (2001). Phenotypic and Phylogenic characterization of Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) sp. Strain LB400. Curr. Microbiol. 42(4), 269–275 (6 pages).
Fent, K.; Weaton, A. A.; Caminada, D., (2006). Ecotoxicology of human pharmaceuticals. Aquat. Toxicol., 76(2), 122–159 (36 pages).
Giri, R. R.; Ozaki, H.; Ota, S.; Takanami, R.; Taniguchi, S., (2010). Degradation of common pharmaceuticals and personal care products in mixed solutions by advanced oxidation techniques. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 7(2), 251–160 (10 pages).
Hall, T. A., (1999). BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95 /98/ NT. Nucl. Acids. Symp. Ser., 41(2), 95–98 (4 pages).
Holt, J. G.; Krieg N. R.; Sneath P. H. A.; Staley J. T.; Williams S. T., (1994). Bergey’s manual of determinative Bacteriology. 9th., Baltimore; the Williams Wilkins Co.
Howard, G., (1987). The world of microbes. The Benjamin Cummings publishing, Inc.
Imhoff, J. F., (1992). Taxanomy, phylogeny and general ecology of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria. Mann. N. H.; Carr, N. G., (Eds.). Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. Plenum press New York.
Kantachote, D.; Salwa, T.; Kamontam, U., (2005). The potential use of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria for treating latex rubber sheet wastewater. Electron. J. Biotech., 8(3), 314–323 (10 pages).
Koblizek, M.; Falkowski, P. G.; Kolber, Z., (2006). Diversity and distribution of photosynthetic bacteria in the black sea. Deep Sea Res., 53(17–19), 1934–1944 (10 pages).
Kosamu, I. B. M.; Obst, M. (2009). The influence of picocyanobacterial photosynthesis on calcite precipitation. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 6(4), 557–562 (6 pages).
Lane, D. J., (1991). 16S/23SrRNA sequencing. Stukebrandet, E.; Goodfellow, M., (Eds.), Nucleic acid techniques in bacterial systematic. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Lerner, M.; Stahi, N.; Gali, L N., (2007). Aerobic vs. anaerobic-aerobic biotreatment: Paper mill wastewater. Environ. Engin. Sci., 24(3), 277–285 (8 pages).
Madigan, M. T.; Jung, Lerner D. O.; Woese, Lerner C. R.; Achenbach, Lerner L. A., (2000). Rhodoferax antarcticus sp. nov., a moderately psychrophilic purple nonsulfur bacterium isolated from an Antarctic microbial mat. Arch. Microbiol., 173(4), 269–277 (8 pages).
Madukasi, E. I.; Dai, X. I.; Chunhua, H.; Zhou, J.J., (2010). Potentials of phototrophic bacteria in treating pharmaceutical wastewater. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 7(1), 165–174 (10 pages).
Myung, K. K.; Choi, K. M.; Yin, C. R.; Lee, K. Y.; Im, W. T.; Lim, J. H.; Lee, S. T., (2004). Odorous swine wastewater treatment by purple non-sulfur bacteria, Rhodopseupdomonas Pulustris, isolated from eutrophicated ponds. Biotech. Lett., 26 (10), 819–822 (4 pages).
Oktem, Y. A.; Ince, O.; Sallis, P.; Donnelly, T.; Ince, B. K., (2008). Anaerobic treatment of a chemical synthesis-based pharmaceutical wastewater in a hybrid up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. Bioresour. Tech., 99(5), 1089–1096 (7 pages).
Okubo, Y; Hiroyuki, F; Akira, H., (2006). Characterization of phototrophic purple non-sulfur Bacteria forming colored microbial mats in a swine wastewater Ditch. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 72(9), 6225–6233 (9 pages).
Ren, N.; Chen, Z.; Wang, A.; Zhang, Z. P., Yue, S.,(2008). A novel application of TPAD-MBR system to the pilot treatment of chemical synthesis-based pharmaceutical wastewater. Water Res., 42(13), 3385–3392 (8 pages).
Saitou, N.; Nei, M., (1987). The neighbour-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol., 4(4), 406–425 (20 pages).
Sapana S.; Sujata B.; Amruta T.; Kalal, K.; Phalgune, U. D.; Deshpande, N. R., (2008). GC-MS Study of hydrocarbons-A Renewable Biofuel with high calorific value from aerial roots of ficus Benghalensis Linn. Electron. J. Environ. Agr. Food chem., 7(3), 2743–2748 (6 pages).
Sasser, M., (1990). Identification of bacteria by gas chromatography of cellular Fatty acids. MIDI technical note 101. MIDI, Newark, Del. USA.
Siefert, E.; Irgens, R. L.; Pfennig, N., (1978). Phototrophic purple and green bacteria in a sewage treatment plant. Appl. Environ. Microb., 35(1), 38–44 (7 pages).
Ventosa, A.; Quesada, E.; Rodriguez-Valera, F., (1982). Numerical taxanomy of moderately halophilic Gramnegative rods. J. Gen. Microbiol., 128(9), 1959–1968 (10 pages).
Vladimir, Y.; Thomas, B. J., (1998). Isolation of aerobic anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria from black smoke plume waters of the Juan de Fuca ridge in the Pacific Ocean. Appl. Environ. Microb., 64(1), 337–341 (5 pages).
Wilson, S. M; Gleistan, M. P; Donohue, T. J., (2008). Identification of proteins involved in formaldehyde metabolism by Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Microbiology., 154(3), 296–305 (8 pages).
Yang, Y.; Wang, P.; Shi, S.; Liu, Y., (2009). Microwave enhanced Fenton-like process for the treatment of high concentration pharmaceutical wastewater. J. Hazard. Mater. 168(1), 238–245 (7 pages).
Yegani, R.; Satoshi, Y.; Kazunori, M.; Tomoshisa, K; Shigeo, K., (2005). Improvement of growth stability of photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus., J. Biosci. Bioeng., 100(6), 672–677 (7 pages).
Yousefi Kebria D.; Khodadadi, A.; Ganjidovst, H.; Badkoubi, A.; Amoozegar, M. A., (2009). Isolation and Characterization of a novel native Bacillus strain capable of degrading diesel fuel. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 6(3), 435–442 (8 pages).
Zhang, X. X.; Zhao, D. Y.; Wang, Z. X.; Wu, B.; Li, W. X.; Cheng, S. P. (2009). Environmental biological model ased on optimization of activated sludge process. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 6(1), 69–76 (8 pages).
Zhu, F. G.; Li, J. Z.; Wu, P.; Jin, H. Z.; Wang, Z., (2008). The performance and phase separated characteristics of an anaerobic baffled reactor treating soybean protein processing wastewater. Bioresour. Tech., 99(17), 8027–8033 (6 pages).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Madukasi, E.I., Chunhua, H. & Zhang, G. Isolation and application of a wild strain photosynthetic bacterium to environmental waste management. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 8, 513–522 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03326237
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03326237