Skip to main content
Log in

Exact momentum fluctuations of an accelerated quark in \( \mathcal{N} \) = 4 super Yang-Mills

  • Published:
Journal of High Energy Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this work we consider a heavy quark moving with constant proper acceleration in the vacuum of any four dimensional conformal field theory. We argue that the two-point function of its momentum fluctuations is exactly captured by the Bremsstrahlung function that gives the total radiated power. For the particular case of \( \mathcal{N} \) = 4 SU(N) SYM this function is exactly known, so in this case we obtain an explicit expression for the momentum diffusion coefficient, and check that various limits of this result are reproduced by probe computations in AdS5. Finally, we evaluate this transport coefficient for a heavy quark accelerated in the vacuum of \( \mathcal{N} \) = 4 SU(3) SYM, and comment on possible lessons of our results for the study of heavy quarks traversing the super Yang-Mills plasma.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J. Erickson, G. Semenoff and K. Zarembo, Wilson loops in N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, Nucl. Phys. B 582 (2000) 155 [hep-th/0003055] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. N. Drukker and D.J. Gross, An exact prediction of N = 4 SUSYM theory for string theory, J. Math. Phys. 42 (2001) 2896 [hep-th/0010274] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. V. Pestun, Localization of gauge theory on a four-sphere and supersymmetric Wilson loops, Commun. Math. Phys. 313 (2012) 71 [arXiv:0712.2824] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. V. Pestun, Localization of the four-dimensional N = 4 SYM to a two-sphere and 1/8 BPS Wilson loops, JHEP 12 (2012) 067 [arXiv:0906.0638] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. S. Giombi and V. Pestun, Correlators of local operators and 1/8 BPS Wilson loops on S 2 from 2D YM and matrix models, JHEP 10 (2010) 033 [arXiv:0906.1572] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. J. Gomis, T. Okuda and V. Pestun, Exact results fort Hooft loops in gauge theories on S 4, JHEP 05 (2012) 141 [arXiv:1105.2568] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. S. Giombi and V. Pestun, Correlators of Wilson loops and local operators from multi-matrix models and strings in AdS, JHEP 01 (2013) 101 [arXiv:1207.7083] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. D. Correa, J. Henn, J. Maldacena and A. Sever, An exact formula for the radiation of a moving quark in N = 4 super Yang-Mills, JHEP 06 (2012) 048 [arXiv:1202.4455] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. B. Fiol, B. Garolera and A. Lewkowycz, Exact results for static and radiative fields of a quark in N = 4 super Yang-Mills, JHEP 05 (2012) 093 [arXiv:1202.5292] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. A.M. Polyakov and V.S. Rychkov, Gauge field strings duality and the loop equation, Nucl. Phys. B 581 (2000) 116 [hep-th/0002106] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. H. Dorn, Renormalization of path ordered phase factors and related hadron operators in gauge field theories, Fortsch. Phys. 34 (1986) 11 [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. G. W. Semenoff and D. Young, “Wavy Wilson line and AdS / CFT,” Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 20, 2833 (2005) [hep-th/0405288] G.W. Semenoff and D. Young, Wavy Wilson line and AdS/CFT, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 20 (2005) 2833 [hep-th/0405288] [INSPIRE].

  13. N. Drukker and S. Kawamoto, Small deformations of supersymmetric Wilson loops and open spin-chains, JHEP 07 (2006) 024 [hep-th/0604124] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. A. Kapustin, Wilson-t Hooft operators in four-dimensional gauge theories and S-duality, Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 025005 [hep-th/0501015] [INSPIRE].

    MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. N. Drukker and S. Kawamoto, Circular loop operators in conformal field theories, Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 046002 [hep-th/0512150] [INSPIRE].

    MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. J. Casalderrey-Solana and D. Teaney, Heavy quark diffusion in strongly coupled N = 4 Yang-Mills, Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 085012 [hep-ph/0605199] [INSPIRE].

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. S.S. Gubser, Momentum fluctuations of heavy quarks in the gauge-string duality, Nucl. Phys. B 790 (2008) 175 [hep-th/0612143] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Mikhailov, Nonlinear waves in AdS/CFT correspondence, hep-th/0305196 [INSPIRE].

  19. B. Fiol and B. Garolera, Energy loss of an infinitely massive half-Bogomolnyi-Prasad-Sommerfeld particle by radiation to all orders in 1/N , Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 (2011) 151601 [arXiv:1106.5418] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. D. Correa, J. Henn, J. Maldacena and A. Sever, The cusp anomalous dimension at three loops and beyond, JHEP 05 (2012) 098 [arXiv:1203.1019] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. D. Correa, J. Maldacena and A. Sever, The quark anti-quark potential and the cusp anomalous dimension from a TBA equation, JHEP 08 (2012) 134 [arXiv:1203.1913] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. N. Drukker, Integrable Wilson loops, arXiv:1203.1617 [INSPIRE].

  23. N. Gromov and A. Sever, Analytic solution of Bremsstrahlung TBA, JHEP 11 (2012) 075 [arXiv:1207.5489] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. W. Unruh, Notes on black hole evaporation, Phys. Rev. D 14 (1976) 870 [INSPIRE].

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. B.-W. Xiao, On the exact solution of the accelerating string in AdS 5 space, Phys. Lett. B 665 (2008) 173 [arXiv:0804.1343] [INSPIRE].

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. E. Caceres, M. Chernicoff, A. Guijosa and J.F. Pedraza, Quantum fluctuations and the Unruh effect in strongly-coupled conformal field theories, JHEP 06 (2010) 078 [arXiv:1003.5332] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. C. Herzog, A. Karch, P. Kovtun, C. Kozcaz and L. Yaffe, Energy loss of a heavy quark moving through N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma, JHEP 07 (2006) 013 [hep-th/0605158] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. S.S. Gubser, Drag force in AdS/CFT, Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 126005 [hep-th/0605182] [INSPIRE].

    MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. J. Casalderrey-Solana and D. Teaney, Transverse momentum broadening of a fast quark in a N =4 Yang-Mills plasma,JHEP 04 (2007) 039[hep-th/0701123] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. S.S. Gubser and A. Karch, From gauge-string duality to strong interactions: a pedestrians guide, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 59 (2009) 145 [arXiv:0901.0935] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. S.S. Gubser, S.S. Pufu, F.D. Rocha and A. Yarom, Energy loss in a strongly coupled thermal medium and the gauge-string duality, arXiv:0902.4041 [INSPIRE].

  32. J. Casalderrey-Solana, H. Liu, D. Mateos, K. Rajagopal and U.A. Wiedemann, Gauge/string duality, hot QCD and heavy ion collisions, arXiv:1101.0618 [INSPIRE].

  33. S.-J. Rey and J.-T. Yee, Macroscopic strings as heavy quarks in large-N gauge theory and Anti-de Sitter supergravity, Eur. Phys. J. C 22 (2001) 379 [hep-th/9803001] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. J.M. Maldacena, Wilson loops in large-N field theories, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998) 4859 [hep-th/9803002] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. N. Drukker and V. Forini, Generalized quark-antiquark potential at weak and strong coupling, JHEP 06 (2011) 131 [arXiv:1105.5144] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. D. Sciama, P. Candelas and D. Deutsch, Quantum field theory, horizons and thermodynamics, Adv. Phys. 30 (1981) 327 [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. W.G. Unruh and N. Weiss, Acceleration radiation in interacting field theories, Phys. Rev. D 29 (1984) 1656 [INSPIRE].

    MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. N. Drukker and B. Fiol, All-genus calculation of Wilson loops using D-branes, JHEP 02 (2005) 010 [hep-th/0501109] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. S. Giombi, R. Ricci and D. Trancanelli, Operator product expansion of higher rank Wilson loops from D-branes and matrix models, JHEP 10 (2006) 045 [hep-th/0608077] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. C.G. Callan Jr. and A. Guijosa, Undulating strings and gauge theory waves, Nucl. Phys. B 565 (2000) 157 [hep-th/9906153] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. S. Förste, D. Ghoshal and S. Theisen, Stringy corrections to the Wilson loop in N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory, JHEP 08 (1999) 013 [hep-th/9903042] [INSPIRE].

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. N. Drukker, D.J. Gross and A.A. Tseytlin, Green-Schwarz string in AdS 5 × S 5 : semiclassical partition function, JHEP 04 (2000) 021 [hep-th/0001204] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. W. Nahm, Supersymmetries and their representations, Nucl. Phys. B 135 (1978) 149 [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. M. Günaydin, G. Sierra and P. Townsend, The unitary supermultiplets of D = 3 Anti-de Sitter and d = 2 conformal superalgebras, Nucl. Phys. B 274 (1986) 429 [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. A. Faraggi and L.A. Pando Zayas, The spectrum of excitations of holographic Wilson loops, JHEP 05 (2011) 018 [arXiv:1101.5145] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. A. Karch and L. Randall, Locally localized gravity, JHEP 05 (2001) 008 [hep-th/0011156] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. S. Yamaguchi, Wilson loops of anti-symmetric representation and d5-branes, JHEP 05 (2006) 037 [hep-th/0603208] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. D.E. Berenstein, R. Corrado, W. Fischler and J.M. Maldacena, The operator product expansion for Wilson loops and surfaces in the large-N limit, Phys. Rev. D 59 (1999) 105023 [hep-th/9809188] [INSPIRE].

    MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. V. Branding and N. Drukker, BPS Wilson loops in N = 4 SYM: examples on hyperbolic submanifolds of space-time, Phys. Rev. D 79 (2009) 106006 [arXiv:0902.4586] [INSPIRE].

    MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. J.A. Garcia, A. Gijosa and E.J. Pulido, No line on the horizon: on uniform acceleration and gluonic fields at strong coupling, JHEP 01 (2013) 096 [arXiv:1210.4175] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. Z.-q. Zhang, D.-f. Hou and H.-c. Ren, The finitet Hooft coupling correction on jet quenching parameter in a \( \mathcal{N} \) = 4 super Yang-Mills plasma, JHEP 01 (2013) 032 [arXiv:1210.5187] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. N. Armesto, J.D. Edelstein and J. Mas, Jet quenching at finitet Hooft coupling and chemical potential from AdS/CFT, JHEP 09 (2006) 039 [hep-ph/0606245] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. L.C. Crispino, A. Higuchi and G.E. Matsas, The Unruh effect and its applications, Rev. Mod. Phys. 80 (2008) 787 [arXiv:0710.5373] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  54. P. Chesler and A. Vuorinen, Heavy flavor diffusion in weakly coupled N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory, JHEP 11 (2006) 037 [hep-ph/0607148] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. S. Caron-Huot and G.D. Moore, Heavy quark diffusion in QCD and N = 4 SYM at next-to-leading order, JHEP 02 (2008) 081 [arXiv:0801.2173] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  56. M. Le Bellac, Thermal field theory, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge U.K. (1996).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  57. T. Hirayama, P.-W. Kao, S. Kawamoto and F.-L. Lin, Unruh effect and holography, Nucl. Phys. B 844 (2011) 1 [arXiv:1001.1289] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. N. Iqbal and H. Liu, Universality of the hydrodynamic limit in AdS/CFT and the membrane paradigm, Phys. Rev. D 79 (2009) 025023 [arXiv:0809.3808] [INSPIRE].

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. H. Liu, K. Rajagopal and U.A. Wiedemann, Calculating the jet quenching parameter from AdS/CFT, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 182301 [hep-ph/0605178] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. S.S. Gubser, Comparing the drag force on heavy quarks in N = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory and QCD, Phys. Rev. D 76 (2007) 126003 [hep-th/0611272] [INSPIRE].

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. A. Francis, O. Kaczmarek, M. Laine and J. Langelage, Towards a non-perturbative measurement of the heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient, PoS LATTICE2011 (2011) 202 [arXiv:1109.3941] [INSPIRE].

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bartomeu Fiol.

Additional information

ArXiv ePrint: 1302.6991

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Fiol, B., Garolera, B. & Torrents, G. Exact momentum fluctuations of an accelerated quark in \( \mathcal{N} \) = 4 super Yang-Mills. J. High Energ. Phys. 2013, 11 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2013)011

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2013)011

Keywords

Navigation