Abstract
The real-time biometric systems are used to authenticate persons for wide range of security applications. In this paper, we propose implementation of fingerprint-based biometric system using Optimized 5/3 DWT architecture and Modified CORDIC-based Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The Optimized 2D-DWT architecture is designed using Optimized 1D-DWT architectures, Memory Units and novel Controller Unit which is used to scan rows and columns of an image. The database fingerprint image is applied to the proposed Optimized 2D-DWT architecture to obtain four sub-bands of LL, LH, HL and HH. The efficient architecture of FFT is designed by using Modified CORDIC processor which generates twiddle factor angles of range \(0^{\circ }\)–\(360^{\circ }\) using Pre-processing Unit and Comparator Block. Further, the LL sub-band coefficients are applied to the Modified CORDIC based FFT to generate final fingerprint features. The test fingerprint features are obtained by repeating the same procedure and are used to match the database fingerprint image features using Euclidean Distance. The performance parameters of proposed architecture in terms of area utilization, speed and accuracy is compared with existing architecture to validate the obtained results.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
T. Acharya, C. Chakrabarti, A survey on lifting-based discrete wavelet transform architectures. J. VLSI Signal Process. Syst. Signal Image Video Technol. 42(3), 321–339 (2006). doi:10.1007/s11266-006-4191-3
A. Alilla, M. Faccio, T. Vali, G. Marotta, L. DeSantis, A new low cost fingerprint recognition system on FPGA, in IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, 2013. ICIT 2013 (Feb. 2013), pp. 988–993, South Africa. doi:10.1109/ICIT.2013.6505806
K. Andra, C. Chakrabarti, T. Acharya, A VLSI architecture for lifting-based forward and inverse wavelet transform. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 50(4), 966–977 (2002). doi:10.1109/78.992147
M.E. Angelopoulou, K. Masselos, P.Y.K. Cheung, Y. Andreopouos, Implementation and comparison of the 5/3 lifting 2D discrete wavelet transform computation schedules on FPGAs. J. Signal Process. Syst. 51(1), 3–21 (2008). doi:10.1007/s11265-007-0139-5
S. Barua, J.E. Carletta, K.A. Kotteri, A.E. Bell, An efficient architecture for lifting-based two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform. Integr. VLSI J. 38(3), 341–352 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.vlsi.2004.07.010
J. Becker, M. Hubner, G. Hettich, R. Constaple, J. Eisenmam, J. Luka, Dynamic and partial FPGA exploitation. Proc. IEEE 95(2), 438–452 (2007). doi:10.1109/JPROC.2006.888404
S.S. Bhairannawar, S. Sarkar, K.B. Raja, K.R. Venugopal, An efficient VLSI architecture for fingerprint recognition using O2D-DWT architecture and modified CORDIC-FFT, in IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Informatics, Communication and Energy Systems, 2015, SPICES 2015 (Feb. 2015), pp. 1–5, India. doi:10.1109/SPICES.2015.7091397
R.M. Bolle, J. Connell, S. Pankanti, N.K. Ratha, A.W. Senior, Guide to Biometric (Springer Professional Computing Series, New York, 2004)
S. Chaven, P. Mundada, D. Pal, Fingerprint authentication using gabor filter based matching algorithm, in IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Sustainable Developments, 2015, ICTSD 2015 (Feb. 2015), pp. 1–6, India. doi:10.1109/ICTSD.2015.7095910
R.J. Colom-Palero, R. Gadea-Girones, F.J. Ballester-Merelo, M. Martinez-Peiro, Flexible architecture for the implementation of the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform (2D-DWT) oriented to FPGA devices. J. Microprocess. Microsyst. 28(9), 509–518 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.micpro.2004.05.003
A.D. Darji, S.S. Kushwah, S.N. Merchant, A.N. Chandorkar, High performance hardware architecture for multi-level lifting based discrete wavelet transform. EURASIP J. Image Video Process. 2014(1), 1–19 (2014). doi:10.1186/1687-5281-2014-47
J. Duprat, J.M. Muller, The CORDIC algorithm: new results for fast VLSI implementation. IEEE Trans. Comput. 42(2), 168–177 (1993). doi:10.1109/12.204786
C.-P. Fan, G.-A. Su, Pruning fast Fourier transform algorithm design using group-based method. J. Signal Process. 87(11), 2781–2798 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2007.05.012
F. Fons, M. Fons, E. Canto, M. Lopez, Flexible hardware for fingerprint image processing, in Proceeding of the Ph.D research in microelectronics and electronics conference, 2007, PRIME 2007 (July 2007), pp. 169–172, France. doi:10.1109/RME.2007.4401839
M. Fons, F. Fons, E. Canto, M. Lopez, FPGA based personal authentication using fingerprints. J. Signal Process. Syst. 66(2), 153–189 (2012). doi:10.1007/s11265-011-0629-3
M. Fons, F. Fons, E. Canto, Fingerprint image processing acceleration through run-time reconfigurable hardware. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs 57(12), 991–995 (2010). doi:10.1109/TCSII.2010.2087970
J.P. George, S.K. Abhilash, K.B. Raja, Transform domain fingerprint identification based on DTCWT. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. 3(1), 190–195 (2012). doi:10.14569/IJACSA.2012.030130
R.C. Gonzalez, R.E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, 3rd edn. (Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, 2008)
M.H. Hayes, Digital Signal Processing, 2nd edn. (McGraw-Hill, New York, 2011)
I.I. Hirschman, Infinite Series, 1st edn. (Dover Publication, New York, 2014). ISBN 978-0-486-78975-0
D.V. Jadhav, P.K. Ajmera, Multi resolution feature based subspace analysis for fingerprint recognition. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 1(13), 1–4 (2010). doi:10.5120/291-455
M. Kuhlmann, K.K. Parhi, P-CORDIC: a precomputation based rotation CORDIC algorithm. EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. 2002(9), 936–943 (2002). doi:10.1155/S1110865702205028
Y.-K. Lai, L.-F. Chen, Y.-C. Shih, A high-performance and memory-efficient VLSI architecture with parallel scanning method for 2-D lifting-based discrete wavelet transform. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 55(2), 400–407 (2009). doi:10.1109/TCE.2009.5174400
X. Lan, N. Zheng, Y. Liu, Low-power and high-speed VLSI architecture for lifting-based forward and inverse wavelet transform. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 51(2), 379–385 (2005). doi:10.1109/TCE.2005.1467975
H. Liao, M.K. Mandal, B.F. Cockburn, Efficient architectures for 1-D and 2-D lifting-based wavelet transforms. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 52(5), 1315–1326 (2004). doi:10.1109/TSP.2004.826175
Y. Liu, L. Fan, T. Ma, A modified CORDIC FPGA implementation for wave generation. J. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 33(1), 321–329 (2014). doi:10.1007/s00034-013-9638-8
P.-C. Lo, Y.-Y. Lee, Real time implementation of split-radix FFT—an algorithm to efficiently construct local butterfly modules. J. Signal Process. 71(3), 291–299 (1998). doi:10.1016/S0165-1684(98)00152-2
D. Maltoni, D. Maio, A.K. Jain, S. Prabhakar, Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition, 2nd edn. (Springer, London, 2009). ISBN 978-1-84882-254-2
M.C. Martinez-Rodriguez, R. Arjona, P. Brox, I. Baturone, Dedicated hardware IP module for fingerprint recognition, in IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, 2015, ISCE 2015 (June 2015), pp. 1–2, Spain. doi:10.1109/ISCE.2015.7177829
P.K. Meher, J. Valls, T.-B. Juang, K. Sridharan, K. Maharatna, 50 Years of CORDIC: algorithms, architectures and applications. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap. 56(9), 1893–1907 (2009). doi:10.1109/TCSI.2009.2025803
S.B. Nikam, S. Agarwal, Fingerprint anti-spoofing using Ridgelet transform, in 2nd IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications Systems, 2008, BTAS 2008 (Sept. 2008), pp. 1–6, Virginia. doi:10.1109/BTAS.2008.4699347
A.A. Paulino, J. Feng, A.K. Jain, Latent fingerprint matching using descriptor-based hough transform. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 8(1), 31–45 (2013). doi:10.1109/TIFS.2012.2223678
J.G. Proakis, D.G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing Principles, Algorithms and Applications, 4th edn. (Pearson Education Limited (Verlag), USA, 2014). ISBN: 978-1-292-02573-5
T.R. Reddy, R. Srikanth, Hardware implementation of DWT for image compression using SPIHT algorithm. Int. J. Comput. Trends Technol. 2(2), 58–62 (2011)
M.M. Roja, S. Sawarkar, Fingerprint verification system—a fusion approach, in IJCA Proceedings on International Conference in Computational Intelligence, 2012. ICCIA 2012 (March 2012), pp. 17–20
N. Sidhu, R.S. Uppal, K. Kaur, R.S. Kaler, Analysis of wavelet LeGall 5/3 transform in image watermarking. Int. J. Recent Trends Eng. Technol. ACEEE 2(4), 224–227 (2009)
J.O. Smith III, Mathematics of the DFT with Audio Applications, 2nd edn. (W3K Publication, USA, 2008). ISBN: 978-0974560748
K.B. Sowmya, S. Sonali, M. Nagabhushanam, Optimized DA based DWT-IDWT for image compression. Int. J. Concept. Electr. Electron. Eng. 1(1), 67–71 (2013)
R. Wang, B. Bhanu, Predicting fingerprint biometrics performance from a small gallery. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 28(1), 40–48 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2006.06.015
S. Wang, V. Piuri, E.E. Swartzlander Jr., A unified View of CORDIC processor design, in Proceedings of the 39th IEEE midwest symposium on circuits and systems, 1996, MWSCAS 1996 (Aug. 1996), pp. 852–855, USA. doi:10.1109/MWSCAS.1996.588050
N.H.E. Weste, K. Eshragian, C.M.O.S.V.L.S.I. Design, A Systems Perspective, 2nd edn. (Addison-Wesley, Boston, 1999)
P.-C. Wu, L.-G. Chen, An efficient architecture for two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 11(4), 536–545 (2001). doi:10.1109/76.915359
Xilinx CORDIC IP Core Datasheet. https://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/ip_documentation/cordic_ds249.pdf
Xilinx SRAM Datasheet. https://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/application_notes/xapp853.pdf
Xilinx Virtrex-5 Family Datasheet. http://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/data_sheets/ds100.pdf
A. Yasodai, A.V. Ramprasad, A new memory based radix-4 CORDIC processor for FFT operation. IOSR J. VLSI Signal Process. 2(5), 9–16 (2013). doi:10.9790/4200-0250916
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bhairannawar, S.S., Sarkar, S., Raja, K.B. et al. Implementation of Fingerprint Based Biometric System Using Optimized 5/3 DWT Architecture and Modified CORDIC Based FFT. Circuits Syst Signal Process 37, 342–366 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-017-0555-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-017-0555-0