Abstract
This paper presents an ultra-low-voltage high-performance bulk-input pseudo-differential operational transconductance amplifier for low-frequency applications. The proposed amplifier is designed using standard 65-nm CMOS technology and powered from 0.3-V supply with a stand by current consumption of 170-nA. Post-layout simulations with a load capacitance of 5 pF have been performed to validate the performance of the proposed amplifier. The proposed amplifier exhibits a DC gain of 60 dB and a phase margin of 53\(^\circ \) at unity gain frequency of 70 kHz for a load of 5 pF. The proposed OTA has shown improvement of five times and more than 2.5 times in small-signal and large-signal performance, respectively, when compared to the state of the art. In addition, the proposed transconductance amplifier is used to design a tunable second-order \(G_m{\text {-}}C\) low-pass filter. Simulation results show that tunable cutoff frequency is varying from 4 to 190 kHz which is obtained by varying the input-stage bias current from 1 to 200 nA.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
O. Abdelfattah, G.W. Roberts, I. Shih, Y.C. Shih, An ultra-low-voltage CMOS process-insensitive self-biased OTA with rail-to-rail input range. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap. 62, 2380–2390 (2015)
M. Akbari, O. Hashemipour, A 0.6-V, 0.4-W bulk-driven operational amplifier with rail-to-rail input/output swing. Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process. 86, 341–351 (2016)
M. Akbari, O. Hashemipour, M.H. Moaiyeri, A. Aghajani, An efficient approach to enhance bulk-driven amplifiers. Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process. 92, 489–499 (2017)
P.E. Allen, D.R. Holberg, CMOS Analog Circuit Design, 2nd edn. (Oxford University Press, New York, 2002)
S. Chatterjee, Y. Tsividis, P. Kinget, 0.5-V analog circuit techniques and their application in OTA and filter design. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 40, 2373–2387 (2005)
G.D. Colletta, L.H.C. Ferreira, T.C. Pimenta, A 0.25-V 22-ns symmetrical bulk-driven OTA for low-frequency \(G_m\) Gm-C applications in 130-nm digital CMOS process. Analog Integr. Circ. Signal Process. 81, 377–383 (2014)
L. Ferreira, S. Sonkusale, A 60-dB gain OTA operating at 0.25-V power supply in 130-nm digital CMOS process. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap. 61, 1609–1617 (2014)
F. Khateb, T. Kulej, S. Vlassis, Extremely low-voltage bulk-driven tunable transconductor. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 36, 511–524 (2017)
T. Kulej, 0.5-V bulk-driven CMOS operational amplifier. IET Circuits Dev. Syst. 7, 352–360 (2013)
T. Kulej, 0.4-V bulk-driven operational amplifier with improved input stage. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 34, 1167–1185 (2014)
T. Kulej, F. Khateb, 0.4-V bulk-driven differential-difference amplifier. Microelectron. J. 46(5), 362–369 (2015)
T. Kulej, F. Khateb, Sub 0.5-V bulk-driven winner take all circuit based on a new voltage follower. Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process 90, 687–691 (2017)
T. Kulej, F. Khateb, Sub 0.5-v bulk-driven LTA in 180 nm CMOS. AEU Int. J. Electron. Commun. 77(Supplement C), 67–75 (2017)
T.-Y. Lo, C.-C. Hung, 1-V CMOS Gm-C Filters: Design and Applications, 1st edn. (Springer, Berlin, 2009)
Z. Qin, A. Tanaka, N. Takaya, H. Yoshizawa, 0.5-V 70-nw rail-to-rail operational amplifier using a cross-coupled output stage. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs 63, 1009–1013 (2016)
G. Raikos, S. Vlassis, C. Psychalinos, 0.5-V bulk-driven analog building blocks. AEU Int. J. Electron. Commun. 66(11), 920–927 (2012)
S. Rajput, S. Jamuar, Low voltage analog circuit design techniques. IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag. 2, 24–42 (2002)
N. Suda, P. Nishanth, D. Basak, D. Sharma, R. Paily, A 0.5-V low power analog front-end for heart-rate detector. Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process 81(2), 417–430 (2014)
N. Tang, W. Hong, J.H. Kim, Y. Yang, D. Heo, A sub-1-V bulk-driven opamp with an effective transconductance-stabilizing technique. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs 62, 1018–1022 (2015)
M. Trakimas, S. Sonkusale, A 0.5-V bulk-input OTA with improved common-mode feedback for low-frequency filtering applications. Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process 59(1), 83–89 (2009)
S. Yan, E. Sanchez-Sinencio, Low-voltage analog circuit design techniques: a tutorial. IEICE Trans. 83, 179–196 (2000)
X. Zhao, H. Fang, T. Ling, J. Xu, Transconductance improvement method for low-voltage bulk-driven input stage. Integr. VLSI J. 49(1), 98–103 (2015)
X. Zhao, H. Fang, T. Ling, J. Xu, Transconductance improvement technique for bulk-driven OTA in nanometre CMOS process. Electron. Lett. 51(22), 1758–1759 (2015)
X. Zhao, Q. Zhang, M. Deng, Super class-AB bulk-driven OTAs with improved slew rate. Electron. Lett. 51(19), 1488–1489 (2015)
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY), Government of India, for providing the software resources under the Special Manpower Development Program (Phase III and C2SD). The authors would also like to thank Dr. Arun Tej M. for his useful inputs in improving the paper. The authors wish to thank the reviewers for their useful suggestions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Veldandi, H., Shaik, R.A. A 0.3-V Pseudo-Differential Bulk-Input OTA for Low-Frequency Applications. Circuits Syst Signal Process 37, 5199–5221 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-018-0817-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-018-0817-5