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Quantitative determination of bound water diffusion in multilayer boards by means of neutron imaging

Quantitative Bestimmung der Diffusion von gebundenem Wasser in mehrlagigen Brettlamellen mittels Neutronenradiographie

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A Publisher’s Erratum to this article was published on 29 July 2010

Abstract

Diffusion processes into multilayered samples of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) exposed to a differentiating climate (dry side/wet side) were determined and quantified by means of neutron imaging (NI). The experiments were carried out at the neutron imaging facility NEUTRA at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Villigen (Switzerland).

With NI the influence of different adhesives (polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), urea formaldehyde resin (UF), epoxy resin (EP), one-component polyurethane (1C PUR)) on the diffusion process could be determined by varying the layer number and the thickness of adhesive joints of the samples. Thereby, neutron transmission images were used to measure time dependent water profiles in the diffusion direction. Using Fick’s second law, diffusion coefficients for radial and tangential water transport in spruce wood and in the adhesive joints were calculated depending on moisture content (MC). It was found that the diffusion coefficients of the adhesives (1C PUR, EP at high MC) were up to three orders of magnitude lower than those of spruce wood. PVAc and UF had a smaller barrier effect compared to wood, which in contrast to 1C PUR and EP, clearly depends on the MC.

Zusammenfassung

Es wurden Diffusionsprozesse an mehrlagigen Proben von Fichte (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), welche einem Differenzklima (trocken/feucht) ausgesetzt waren, mittels Neutronenradiographie untersucht und quantifiziert. Die Experimente wurden an der Radiographiestrahllinie NEUTRA am Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) in Villigen (Schweiz) durchgeführt.

Mittels Neutronenradiographie konnte der Einfluss verschiedener Klebstoffe (Polyvinylacetat (PVAc), Harnstoffharz (UF), Epoxidharz (EP) und Einkomponenten-Polyurethan (1K-PUR)) auf den Diffusionsprozess bestimmt werden, indem die Anzahl und die Dicke der Klebfugen variiert wurden. Dabei wurden Neutronen-Transmissionsbilder verwendet, womit zeitabhängige Profile in Diffusionsrichtung gemessen werden konnten. Anhand des zweiten Fick’schen Gesetzes konnten die Diffusionskoeffizienten für die Klebstoffe sowie für Fichte in radialer und tangentialer Richtung in Abhängigkeit der Feuchte berechnet werden. Dabei wiesen die Klebstoffe (1K-PUR, EP bei hohen Feuchten) bis zu drei Zehnerpotenzen niedrigere Diffusionskoeffizienten als Fichtenholz auf. Bei PVAc und UF war die Sperrwirkung gegenüber dem Holz geringer und es zeigte sich im Gegensatz zu 1K-PUR und EP eine deutliche Abhängigkeit von der Holzfeuchte.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland

    Walter Sonderegger, Stefan Hering & Peter Niemz

  2. Spallation Neutron Source (ASQ), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232, Villigen, Switzerland

    David Mannes, Peter Vontobel & Eberhard Lehmann

Authors
  1. Walter Sonderegger
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  2. Stefan Hering
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  3. David Mannes
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  4. Peter Vontobel
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  5. Eberhard Lehmann
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  6. Peter Niemz
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Correspondence to Walter Sonderegger.

Additional information

This article is dedicated to Gerd Wegener on the occasion of his retirement as professor at the Technische Universität München.

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-010-0474-2

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Sonderegger, W., Hering, S., Mannes, D. et al. Quantitative determination of bound water diffusion in multilayer boards by means of neutron imaging. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 68, 341–350 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-010-0463-5

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