Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Combination of X-ray and digital image correlation for the analysis of moisture-induced strain in wood: opportunities and challenges

Kombination von Röntgenmessung und digitaler Bildkorrelation zur Dehnungsanalyse an Holz: Potential und Schwierigkeiten

  • Originals Originalarbeiten
  • Published:
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this present study, the moisture-induced deformation behaviour of a spruce sample was analysed one- and two-dimensionally with high resolution on the radial-tangential surface. For this purpose, an artificial speckle pattern was applied to the surface which was then recorded by a CCD camera during the deformation. The generated TIF images were analysed with a strain mapping software (VIC 2D) that computed the two-dimensional strain field from the surface deformation.

Selected options to evaluate two-dimensional data generated with X-ray imaging and digital image correlation are presented. Combining and correlating these techniques enables detailed analysis of structure-function relationships during swelling (and shrinkage) processes in wood. However, several issues still have to be solved to enhance effectiveness and user-friendliness of such investigations, as elucidated in detail in this paper.

Zusammenfassung

In dieser Arbeit wurde das feuchte-induzierte Deformationsverhalten einer Fichtenholzprobe ein- und zweidimensional mit hoher Auflösung auf der radial-tangentialen Probenoberfläche analysiert. Dazu wurde ein künstliches Specklemuster auf die Probenoberfläche aufgebracht, welches dann mit einer CCD-Kamera während der Deformation gefilmt wurde. Die generierten TIF-Dateien wurden mit einer Bildkorrelationssoftware (VIC 2D) ausgewertet, welche die zweidimensionalen Dehnungen auf der Probenoberfläche berechnete.

Es werden ausgewählte Möglichkeiten zur Auswertung zweidimensionaler Daten vorgestellt, die durch Röntgendurchstrahlung und digitale Bildkorrelation generiert wurden. Einerseits ermöglicht die Kombination und Korrelation dieser Techniken eine detaillierte Analyse von Struktur- Eigenschafts-Beziehungen während der Quell- (und Schwind-) Prozesse in Holz. Andererseits müssen noch einige Probleme gelöst werden, um die Effektivität und die Benutzerfreundlichkeit derartiger Untersuchungsmethoden zu verbessern, was in diesem Artikel im Detail beleuchtet wird.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1 Abb. 1
Fig. 2 Abb. 2
Fig. 3 Abb. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bucur V (ed) (2011) Delamination in wood, wood products and wood-based composites. Springer, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Garab J, Keunecke D, Hering S, Szalai J, Niemz P (2010) Measurement of standard and off-axis elastic moduli and Poisson’s ratios of spruce and yew wood in the transverse plane. Wood Sci Technol 44(3):451–464

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Havimo M, Rikala J, Sirvio J, Sipi M (2008) Distributions of tracheid cross-sectional dimensions in different parts of Norway spruce stems. Silva Fenn 42(1):89–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Haller P, Wehsener J (2004) Mechanical properties of densified spruce. Holz Roh- Werkst 62(6):452–454

    Google Scholar 

  • Hild F, Roux S (2006) Digital image correlation: from displacement measurement to identification of elastic properties—a review. Strain 42(2):69–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keunecke D, Hering S, Niemz P (2008) Three-dimensional elastic behaviour of common yew and Norway spruce. Wood Sci Technol 42(8):633–647

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keunecke D, Niemz P (2008) Axial stiffness and selected structural properties of yew and spruce microtensile specimens. Wood Res 53(1):1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Keunecke D, Mannes D, Niemz P, Lehmann E, Evans R (2010) Silviscan vs. neutron imaging to generate radial softwood density profiles. Wood Res 55(3):49–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Mannes D (2009) Non-destructive testing of wood by means of neutron imaging in comparison with similar methods. Dissertation, ETH Zurich

  • Niemz P (1993) Physik des Holzes und der Holzwerkstoffe. DRW, Leinfelden-Echterdingen

    Google Scholar 

  • Pan B, Qian KM, Xie HM, Asundi A (2009) Two-dimensional digital image correlation for in-plane displacement and strain measurement: a review. Meas Sci Technol 20(6)

  • Perré P, Huber F (2007) Measurement of free shrinkage at the tissue level using an optical microscope with an immersion objective: results obtained for Douglas fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii) and spruce (Picea abies). Ann Sci For 64(3):255–265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reiterer A, Lichtenegger H, Tschegg S, Fratzl P (1999) Experimental evidence for a mechanical function of the cellulose microfibril angle in wood cell walls. Philos Mag A 79(9):2173–2184

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valla A, Konnerth J, Keunecke D, Niemz P, Müller U, Gindl-Altmutter W (2011) Comparison of two optical methods for contactless, full field and highly sensitive in plane deformation measurements using the example of plywood. Wood Sci Technol, doi:10.1007/s00226-010-0394-7

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagenführ R (2007) Holzatlas. Fachbuchverlag im Carl Hanser Verlag, Leipzig

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Building Materials (Wood Physics), ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland

    Daniel Keunecke, Christian Lanvermann & Peter Niemz

  2. Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001, Zvolen, Slovakia

    Katia Novosseletz

  3. Spallation Neutron Source Division (ASQ), Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland

    David Mannes

Authors
  1. Daniel Keunecke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Katia Novosseletz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Christian Lanvermann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. David Mannes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Peter Niemz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christian Lanvermann.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Keunecke, D., Novosseletz, K., Lanvermann, C. et al. Combination of X-ray and digital image correlation for the analysis of moisture-induced strain in wood: opportunities and challenges. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 70, 407–413 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-011-0573-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-011-0573-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation