Zusammenfassung
Voraussetzung zur Etablierung zelltherapeutischer Verfahren in der regenerativen Medizin ist die Identifizierung geeigneter Zellsysteme, die 1. in ausreichenden Mengen zur Verfügung stehen, 2. leicht zu gewinnen sind, 3. sich in vitro gut expandieren lassen und 4. dem notwendigen Zelltyp entsprechen bzw. sich in diesen differenzieren lassen. Da die Nabelschnur ohne jegliche Intervention vorliegt und eine beträchtliche Menge an Gewebe darstellt, halten wir diese für eine hoffnungsvolle Quelle zur Gewinnung solcher Zellen.
In dieser Arbeit wird gezeigt, dass Umbilical Cord Stromal Cells (UCSC), die Bindegewebszellen des Nabelschnurgewebes, in ausreichenden Mengen gewonnen werden können und sich in vitro gut expandieren lassen. UCSC ähneln mit ihrer phänotypischen Plastizität funktionell den Stammzellen. UCSC können in Zellen mit osteoblastären Eigenschaften (Expression von alkalischer Phosphatase, Ausbildung von Bone nodules) differenziert werden.
Fazit: Die Nabelschnur darf nicht länger als wertloses Gewebe betrachtet und gedankenlos entsorgt werden, da sie v. a. für die Reparatur knöcherner Defekte eine wertvolle Ressource zur Gewinnung von potenten Zellen für zellbasierende Therapieansätze darstellen könnte.
Abstract
The identification of appropriate cell types is necessary to establish cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. These cell types must (1) be available in an appropriate amount, (2) be easy to obtain, (3) be sufficiently expandable in vitro, and (4) fit to or at least be able to differentiate into the required cell type. Since the umbilical cord is available without any intervention and represents a notable amount of tissue, we consider it to be a promising source for isolating cells for cell-based therapies.
This study demonstrates that umbilical cord stromal cells (UCSC), the connective tissue cells of the umbilical cord, can be isolated in sufficient quantities and be well expanded. UCSC feature phenotypic plasticity and thus are functionally similar to stem cells. UCSC can be differentiated into cells with osteoblastic properties (expression of alkaline phosphatase, formation of bone nodules).
It is concluded that the umbilical cord should no longer be regarded as valueless tissue and be unthinkingly discarded. Instead, it should be considered a valuable resource for the isolation of potent cells for cell-based therapies, especially for treatment of bone defects.
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Danksagung
Ein besonderer Dank gilt dem Team des Kreißsaals der Gynäkologie des Klinikums rechts der Isar der TU München. Ihr Engagement bei der Gewinnung der Nabelschnüre und des Nabelschnurblutes stellt eine der Stützen des Erfolgs des STEMMAT-Projektes dar.
Darüber hinaus sei allen Müttern gedankt, die durch ihre Einwilligung zur Gewinnung der Nabelschnüre einen Beitrag zur Erforschung dieses wertvollen Gewebes leisten.
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Eblenkamp, M., Aigner, J., Hintermair, J. et al. Umbilical Cord Stromal Cells (UCSC). Orthopäde 33, 1338–1345 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-004-0730-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-004-0730-4