Abstract
Evolutionary Structural Optimization (ESO) and its later version bi-directional ESO (BESO) have gained widespread popularity among researchers in structural optimization and practitioners in engineering and architecture. However, there have also been many critical comments on various aspects of ESO/BESO. To address those criticisms, we have carried out extensive work to improve the original ESO/BESO algorithms in recent years. This paper summarizes latest developments in BESO for stiffness optimization problems and compares BESO with other well-established optimization methods. Through a series of numerical examples, this paper provides answers to those critical comments and shows the validity and effectiveness of the evolutionary structural optimization method.
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Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support from the Australian Research Council for carrying out this work.
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Appendix
Appendix
This appendix contains a soft-kill BESO Matlab code that can be used to solve simple 2D stiffness optimization problems. The code is developed based on the 99 line SIMP code (Sigmund 2001). The design domain is assumed to be rectangular and discretized using four node plane stress elements. Here, a cantilever is taken as an example. Other structures with different loading and boundary conditions can be solved by modifying lines 80–84 of the code. The input data are:
- nelx :
-
total number of elements in the horizontal direction.
- nely :
-
total number of elements in the vertical direction.
- volfrac :
-
volume fraction which defines the ratio of the final volume and the design domain volume.
- er :
-
evolutionary rate, normally 0.02.
- rmin :
-
filter radius, normally 3 (or the size of several elements).
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Huang, X., Xie, YM. A further review of ESO type methods for topology optimization. Struct Multidisc Optim 41, 671–683 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-010-0487-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-010-0487-9