Abstract
Four basic flow configurations are employed to investigate steady and unsteady rarefaction effects in monatomic ideal gas flows. Internal and external flows in planar geometry, namely, viscous slip (Kramer’s problem), thermal creep, oscillatory Couette, and pulsating Poiseuille flows are considered. A characteristic feature of the selected problems is the formation of the Knudsen boundary layers, where non-Newtonian stress and non-Fourier heat conduction exist. The linearized Navier–Stokes–Fourier and regularized 13-moment equations are utilized to analytically represent the rarefaction effects in these boundary-value problems. It is shown that the regularized 13-moment system correctly estimates the structure of Knudsen layers, compared to the linearized Boltzmann equation data.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cercignani C.: Theory and application of the Boltzmann equation. Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh (1975)
de Groot S.R., Mazur P.: Non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Dover, New York (1984)
Chapman S., Cowling T.G.: The mathematical theory of non-uniform gases. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1970)
Grad H.: On the kinetic theory of rarefied gases. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 2, 331–407 (1949)
Grad H.: Principles of the kinetic theory of gases. In: Flügge, S. (eds) Handbuch der Physik, Springer, Berlin (1958)
Bobylev A.V.: The Chapman-Enskog and Grad methods for solving the Boltzmann equation. Sov. Phys. Dokl. 27, 29–31 (1982)
Rosenau P.: Extending hydrodynamics via the regularization of the Chapman-Enskog expansion. Phys. Rev. A 40, 7193–7196 (1989)
Zhong X., MacCormack R.W., Chapman D.R.: Stabilization of the Burnett equations and applications to hypersonic flows. AIAA J. 31, 1036–1043 (1993)
Jin S., Slemrod M.: Regularization of the Burnett equations via relaxation. J. Stat. Phys. 103, 1009–1033 (2001)
Müller I., Reitebuch D., Weiss W.: Extended thermodynamics—consistent in order of magnitude. Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. 15, 113–146 (2003)
Bobylev A.V.: Instabilities in the Chapman-Enskog expansion and Hyperbolic Burnett equations. J. Stat. Phys. 124, 371–399 (2006)
Söderholm L.H.: Hybrid Burnett Equations: a new method of stabilizing. Transp. Theory Stat. Phys. 36, 495–512 (2007)
Struchtrup H.: Macroscopic transport equations for rarefied gas flows. Springer, New York (2005)
Struchtrup H., Torrilhon M.: Regularization of Grad’s 13-moment equations: derivation and linear analysis. Phys. Fluids 15, 2668–2680 (2003)
Struchtrup H.: Stable transport equations for rarefied gases at high orders in the Knudsen number. Phys. Fluids 16, 3921–3934 (2004)
Torrilhon M., Struchtrup H.: Regularized 13-moment-equations: shock structure calculations and comparison to Burnett models. J. Fluid Mech. 513, 171–198 (2004)
Struchtrup H., Thatcher T.: Bulk equations and Knudsen layers for the regularized 13 moment equations. Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. 19, 177–189 (2007)
Struchtrup H., Torrilhon M.: H theorem, regularization, and boundary conditions for linearized 13-moment equations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 014502 (2007)
Struchtrup H.: Linear kinetic heat transfer: moment equations, boundary conditions, and Knudsen layers. Phys. A 387, 1750–1766 (2008)
Torrilhon M., Struchtrup H.: Boundary conditions for regularized 13-moment-equations for micro-channel-flows. J. Comput. Phys. 227, 1982–2011 (2008)
Struchtrup H., Torrilhon M.: High order effects in rarefied channel flows. Phys. Rev. E 78, 046301 (2008)
Taheri P., Torrilhon M., Struchtrup H.: Couette and Poiseuille microflows: analytical solutions for regularized 13-moment equations. Phys. Fluids 21, 017102 (2009)
Taheri, P., Struchtrup, H.: Rarefaction effects in thermally-driven microflows (2009, submitted)
Gu X.J., Emerson D.R.: A computational strategy for the regularized 13-moment equations with enhanced wall-boundary conditions. J. Comput. Phys. 225, 263–283 (2007)
Ohwada T., Sone Y., Aoki K.: Numerical analysis of the Poiseuille and thermal transpiration flows between two parallel plates on the basis of the Boltzmann equation for hard-sphere molecules. Phys. Fluids A 1, 2042–2049 (1989)
Landau L.D., Lifshitz E.M.: Fluid mechanics. Pergamon, Oxford (1987)
Gad-el-Hak, M. (eds): The MEMS handbook: introduction and fundamentals. CRC, London (2005)
Bahukudumbi P., Park J.H., Beskok A.: A unified engineering model for steady and quasi-steady shear-driven gas microflows. Microscale Thermophys. Eng. 7, 291–315 (2003)
Park J.H., Bahukudumbi P., Beskok A.: Rarefaction effects on shear driven oscillatory gas flows: A direct simulation Monte Carlo study in the entire Knudsen regime. Phys. Fluids 16, 317–330 (2004)
Hadjiconstantinou N.G.: Oscillatory shear-driven gas flow in the transition and free-molecular-flow regimes. Phys. Fluids 17, 100611 (2005)
Sharipov F., Kalempa D.: Oscillatory Couette flow at arbitrary oscillation frequency over the whole range of the Knudsen number. Microfluid. Nanofluid. 4, 363–374 (2008)
Maxwell J.C.: On stresses in rarefied gases arising from inequalities of temperature. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 170, 231–256 (1879)
Lockerby D.A., Reese J.M., Emerson D.R., Barber R.W.: Velocity boundary condition at solid walls in rarefied gas calculations. Phys. Rev. E 70, 017303 (2004)
Deissler R.G.: An analysis of second order slip flow and temperature jump boundary conditions for rarefied gases. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 7, 681–694 (1964)
Hadjiconstantinou N.G.: Comment on Cercignani’s second-order slip coefficient. Phys. Fluids 15, 2352–2354 (2003)
Loyalka S.K.: Velocity profile in the Knudsen layer for the Kramer’s problem. Phys. Fluids 18, 1666–1669 (1975)
Loyalka S.K., Petrellis N., Storvick T.S.: Some numerical results for the BGK model: thermal creep and viscous slip problems with arbitrary accommodation at the surface. Phys. Fluids 18, 1094–1099 (1975)
Loyalka S.K., Ferziger H.: Model dependence of the slip coefficient. Phys. Fluids 10, 1833–1839 (1967)
Loyalka S.K., Hickey K.A.: Velocity slip and defect: hard sphere gas. Phys. Fluids A 1, 612–614 (1989)
Ohwada T., Sone Y., Aoki K.: Numerical analysis of the shear and thermal creep flows of a rarefied gas over a plane wall on the basis of the linearized Boltzmann equation for hard-sphere molecules. Phys. Fluids A 1, 1588–1599 (1989)
Loyalka S.K., Hickey K.A.: The Kramers problem: velocity slip and defect for a hard sphere gas with arbitrary accommodation. J. Appl. Math. Phys. (ZAMP) 41, 245–253 (1990)
Barichello L.B., Camargo M., Rodrigues P., Siewert C.E.: Unified solutions to classical flow problems based on the BGK model. Z. Angew. Math. Phys. (ZAMP) 52, 517–534 (2001)
Lockerby D.A., Reese J.M., Gallis M.A.: The usefulness of higher-order constitutive relations for describing the Knudsen layer. Phys. Fluids 17, 100609 (2005)
Lilley C.R., Sader J.E.: Velocity gradient singularity and structure of the velocity profile in the Knudsen layer according to the Boltzmann equation. Phys. Rev. E 76, 026315 (2007)
Loyalka S.K., Cipolla J.W.: Thermal creep slip with arbitrary accommodation at the surface. Phys. Fluids 14, 1656–1661 (1971)
Kanki T., Iuchi S.: Poiseuille flow and thermal creep of a rarefied gas between parallel plates. Phys. Fluids 16, 594–599 (1973)
Loyalka S.K.: Comments on Poiseuille flow and thermal creep of a rarefied gas between parallel plates. Phys. Fluids 17, 1053–1055 (1974)
Loyalka S.K., Petrellis N., Storvick T.S.: Some exact numerical results for the BGK model: Couette, Poiseuille and thermal creep flow between parallel plates. Z. Angew. Math. Phys. (ZAMP) 30, 514–521 (1979)
Loyalka S.K.: Temperature jump and thermal creep slip: rigid sphere gas. Phys. Fluids A1, 403–408 (1989)
Sone Y.: Kinetic theory and fluid dynamics. Birkhäuser, Boston (2002)
Bhatnagar P.L., Gross E.P., Krook M.: A model for collision processes in gases. I. Small amplitude processes in charged and neutral one-component systems. Phys. Rev. 94, 511–525 (1954)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Taheri, P., Rana, A.S., Torrilhon, M. et al. Macroscopic description of steady and unsteady rarefaction effects in boundary value problems of gas dynamics. Continuum Mech. Thermodyn. 21, 423–443 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-009-0115-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-009-0115-3
Keywords
- Kinetic theory of gases
- Rarefied gas dynamics
- Moment method
- Knudsen boundary layers
- Velocity slip and surface accommodation
- Kramer’s problem
- Thermal creep flow
- Oscillatory Couette flow
- Pulsating Poiseuille flow