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Integration of storage systems in distribution networks through multiobjective optimization

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Abstract

The use of storage systems in distribution networks allows smoothing the load diagram. In fact, the cost of energy is different along the day and companies can be encouraged to use these systems, since the extra energy required to charge the storage system can be obtained in periods where the cost of the energy is lower and used in periods when the energy cost is higher. Storage systems also allow reducing losses of the lines and improving voltage profile. However, in distribution networks there are benefits in using distributed storage instead of centralized storage. Under this context, this paper proposes a multiobjective optimization approach for the location and sizing of storage systems. In this problem, the objective functions are in conflict. Increasing the number of storage systems leads to a reduction in the peak power and losses, but also will increase the investment cost. This approach allows obtaining solutions of different trade-offs with respect to the two objectives. An IEEE 69 buses and a real 94 buses test feeders are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

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Abbreviations

m :

Indicates the first (or preceding) bus of the radial branch

\(B_m\) :

Bus m

\(t, t+1, t+2,{\ldots }, t+{n}\) :

Indicates the following buses, considering n buses connected to the first bus of the radial branch

\(\overline{I}_{{(t}+{i)}}\) :

Current flowing from the bus t+I, t+i, with i=1,..., n, and n the number of branches fed from bus m

\(\overline{V}_{{(t}+{i)}}\) :

Voltage at bus \(t+{I}\), \(t+i\), with \(i=1,{\ldots }, n\), and n the number of branches fed from bus m

\(\overline{I}_m \) :

Current flowing from the bus m (A)

\(\overline{S}_{{(t}+{i)}}\) :

Apparent power delivered from bus \(t+I\) (VA), with \(i=1,{\ldots }, n\), and n the number of branches fed from bus m

\(\overline{S}_m\) :

Apparent power delivered from bus m (VA)

\(\overline{V}_m\) :

Voltage at bus m (V)

\(\overline{Z}_m\) :

Falta

\(\overline{V}_{m(t+i)}\) :

Difference between voltages at buses m and \({t}+{i}\), with \({i}=1,{\ldots }, n\), and n the number of branches fed from bus m

\(\overline{S}_{\mathrm{Load}}\) :

Apparent power of the load directly connected to the bus m

\(\overline{S}_{\mathrm{Storage}}\) :

Apparent power of the storage system connected to bus m

\({P}_{{S}_{m}} \) :

The active power that the storage system will inject to the grid or in charge condition

\(V_{\mathrm{bus}k}^i\) :

Voltage at bus k for interaction i of the power flow algorithm

\(V_i^{\max }\) :

Voltage upper limit at interaction i

\(V_i^{\min }\) :

Voltage lower limit at interaction i

\(a_m^k\) :

Binary decision variable denoting whether or not a storage system of type j is installed in bus m

\(c_{j}\) :

Storage (\({P}_{{S j}} )\) cost where \({j} = 1, {\ldots }, {Y}\) represents the storage type

\(b_m \) :

Variable related to the technical feasibility of installing storage systems at bus m

d :

The mode of operation of the storage system (charge or discharge)

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by national funds through FCT— Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under Project UID/CEC/50021/2013.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ESTSetúbal-Instituto Politécnico Setúbal/DEE, Setúbal, Portugal

    V. Fernão Pires, Rui Lopes & Dulce Costa

  2. Inesc-ID Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    V. Fernão Pires

  3. Inesc – Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Dulce Costa

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  1. V. Fernão Pires
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  2. Rui Lopes
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  3. Dulce Costa
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Correspondence to V. Fernão Pires.

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Pires, V.F., Lopes, R. & Costa, D. Integration of storage systems in distribution networks through multiobjective optimization. Electr Eng 100, 1939–1948 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-017-0672-6

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