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Go with the flow: advances and trends in magnetic flow cytometry

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Abstract

The growing need for biological information at the single cell level has driven the development of improved cytometry technologies. Flow cytometry is a particularly powerful method that has evolved over the past few decades. Flow cytometers have become essential instruments in biomedical research and routine clinical tests for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. However, the increasing number of cellular parameters unveiled by genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data platforms demands an augmented multiplexability. Also, the need for identification and quantification of relevant biomarkers at low levels requires outstanding analytical sensitivity and reliability. In addition, growing awareness of the advantages associated with miniaturization of analytical devices is pushing forward the progress in integrated and compact, microfluidic-based devices at the point-of-care. In this context, novel types of flow cytometers are emerging during the search to tackle these challenges. Notwithstanding the relevance of other promising alternatives to standard optical flow cytometry (e.g., mass cytometry, various optical and electrical microcytometers), this report focuses on a recent microcytometric technology based on magnetic sensors and magnetic particles integrated into microfluidic structures for dynamic bioanalysis of fluid samples—magnetic flow cytometry. Its concept, main developments, targeted applications, as well as the challenges and trends behind this technology are presented and discussed.

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Abbreviations

ADC:

Analog to digital converter

AMR :

Anisotropic magnetoresistance

FM :

Ferromagnetic

GMI :

Giant magneto impedance

GMR :

Giant magnetoresistance

M :

Metallic

MACS :

Magnetically assisted cell sorting

MFC :

Magnetic flow cytometry

MNPs :

Magnetic nanoparticles

MR :

Magnetoresistance

MRI :

Magnetic resonance imaging

MTJ :

Magnetic tunnel junctions

PHE :

Planar Hall effect

PMTs :

Photomultiplier tubes

PoC :

Point-of-care

S :

Sensitivity

SERF :

Spin-exchange relaxation-free

SNR :

Signal-to-noise ratio

SV :

Spin valve

TMR :

Tunneling magnetoresistance

TOF :

Time-of-flight

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Acknowledgements

This work has received funding from European Structural & Investment Funds through the COMPETE Program and from National Funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia under the grants SAICTPAC/0019/2015, MUSIC-PESSOA 2017-38027RF and MagScopy4IHC- LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-031200. The authors acknowledge funding from the European Union through the project MAGNAMED- H2020-MSCA-RISE-2016 grant n. 734801. The authors R. Soares, D. M. Caetano and P. H. Fonseca, acknowledge their PhD grants, PD/BD/128205 /2016, PD/BD/128208/2016, PD/BD/135272/2017, respectively, funded through the Advanced Integrated Microsystems (AIM) doctoral program.

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  1. Rita Soares and Verónica C. Martins contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. INESC–Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC-MN) and IN, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029, Lisbon, Portugal

    Rita Soares, Verónica C. Martins, Rita Macedo, Filipe A. Cardoso, Sofia A. M. Martins, Pedro H. Fonseca, Vânia Silvério, Susana Cardoso & Paulo P. Freitas

  2. Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal

    Rita Soares, Diogo M. Caetano, Pedro H. Fonseca, Vânia Silvério & Susana Cardoso

  3. Magnomics S.A., Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote 2, 3060-197, Cantanhede, Portugal

    Verónica C. Martins, Filipe A. Cardoso & Sofia A. M. Martins

  4. INESC–ID, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029, Lisbon, Portugal

    Diogo M. Caetano

  5. INL, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal

    Paulo P. Freitas

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  1. Rita Soares
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Published in the topical collection Nanoparticles for Bioanalysis with guest editors María Carmen Blanco-López and Montserrat Rivas.

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Soares, R., Martins, V.C., Macedo, R. et al. Go with the flow: advances and trends in magnetic flow cytometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 411, 1839–1862 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01593-9

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