Abstract
Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and healthy adults demonstrate similar levels of visuomotor adaptation provided that the distortion is small or introduced gradually, and hence, implicit processes are engaged. Recently, implicit processes underlying visuomotor adaptation in healthy individuals have been proposed to include proprioceptive recalibration (i.e., shifts in one’s proprioceptive sense of felt hand position to match the visual estimate of their hand experienced during reaches with altered visual feedback of the hand). In the current study, we asked if proprioceptive recalibration is preserved in PD patients. PD patients tested during their “off” and “on” medication states and age-matched healthy controls reached to visual targets, while visual feedback of their unseen hand was gradually rotated 30° clockwise or translated 4 cm rightwards of their actual hand trajectory. As expected, PD patients and controls produced significant reach aftereffects, indicating visuomotor adaptation after reaching with the gradually introduced visuomotor distortions. More importantly, following visuomotor adaptation, both patients and controls showed recalibration in hand position estimates, and the magnitude of this recalibration was comparable between PD patients and controls. No differences for any measures assessed were observed across medication status (i.e., PD off vs PD on). Results reveal that patients are able to adjust their sensorimotor mappings and recalibrate proprioception following adaptation to a gradually introduced visuomotor distortion, and that dopaminergic intervention does not affect this proprioceptive recalibration. These results suggest that proprioceptive recalibration does not involve striatal dopaminergic pathways and may contribute to the preserved visuomotor adaptation that arises implicitly in PD patients.
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This work was supported by the J. P. Bickell Foundation, granted to DYPH.
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221_2021_6075_MOESM1_ESM.eps
Supplementary file1 S1. Visuomotor adaptation during reach training trials with an aligned and rotated cursor (Experiment 1). The mean angular deviation of the hand at peak velocity relative to the target is presented for each block (3 trials) of training when controls (diamonds), PD patients off meds (triangles), and PD patients on meds (circles) reached with an aligned (empty symbols) and rotated (filled symbols) cursor. Error bars reflect the standard error of the mean. (EPS 1608 KB)
221_2021_6075_MOESM2_ESM.eps
Supplementary file2 S2. Visuomotor adaptation during reach training trials with an aligned and translated cursor (Experiment 2). The mean lateral hand deviation at peak velocity relative to the target is presented for each block (3 trials) of training when controls (diamonds), PD patients off meds (triangles), and PD patients on meds (circles) reached with an aligned (empty symbols) and translated (filled symbols) cursor. Error bars reflect the standard error of the mean. (EPS 1239 KB)
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Cressman, E.K., Salomonczyk, D., Constantin, A. et al. Proprioceptive recalibration following implicit visuomotor adaptation is preserved in Parkinson’s disease. Exp Brain Res 239, 1551–1565 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-021-06075-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-021-06075-y