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Hydromagnetic flow and heat transfer adjacent to a stretching vertical sheet

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Abstract

An analysis is made for the steady two-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic flow of an incompressible viscous and electrically conducting fluid over a stretching vertical sheet in its own plane. The stretching velocity, the surface temperature and the transverse magnetic field are assumed to vary in a power-law with the distance from the origin. The transformed boundary layer equations are solved numerically for some values of the involved parameters, namely the magnetic parameter M, the velocity exponent parameter m, the temperature exponent parameter n and the buoyancy parameter λ, while the Prandtl number Pr is fixed, namely Pr = 1, using a finite difference scheme known as the Keller-box method. Similarity solutions are obtained in the presence of the buoyancy force if n = 2m−1. The features of the flow and heat transfer characteristics for different values of the governing parameters are analyzed and discussed. It is found that both the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number decrease as the magnetic parameter M increases for fixed λ and m. For m = 0.2 (i.e. n = −0.6), although the sheet and the fluid are at different temperatures, there is no local heat transfer at the surface of the sheet except at the singular point of the origin (fixed point).

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Abbreviations

a, b :

constants

B(x):

magnetic field

B 0 :

uniform magnetic field

C f :

skin friction coefficient

f :

dimensionless stream function

g :

acceleration due to gravity

Gr x :

local Grashof number

k :

thermal conductivity

m :

velocity exponent parameter

M :

magnetic parameter

n :

temperature exponent parameter

Nu x :

local Nusselt number

Pr :

Prandtl number

q w :

heat transfer from the stretching sheet

Re x :

local Reynolds number

T :

fluid temperature

T w (x):

temperature of the stretching sheet

T ∞ :

ambient temperature

u, v :

velocity components along the x and y directions, respectively

U(x):

velocity of the stretching sheet

x, y :

Cartesian coordinates along the surface and normal to it, respectively

α:

thermal diffusivity

β:

thermal expansion coefficient

η:

similarity variable

λ:

buoyancy or mixed convection parameter

θ:

dimensionless temperature

μ:

dynamic viscosity

ν:

kinematic viscosity

ρ:

fluid density

σ:

electrical conductivity

τ w :

skin friction

ψ:

stream function

w :

condition at the stretching sheet

∞:

condition at infinity

′:

differentiation with respect to η

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to express their very sincere thanks to the reviewers for their valuable time spent reading this paper and for their valuable comments and suggestions. This work is supported by a research grant (SAGA project code: STGL–013–2006) from the Academy of Sciences Malaysia. Prof. I. Pop also wishes to thank the Royal Society (London) for partial financial support to enable collaboration on this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    A. Ishak & R. Nazar

  2. Faculty of Mathematics, University of Cluj, CP 253, 3400, Cluj, Romania

    I. Pop

Authors
  1. A. Ishak
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  2. R. Nazar
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  3. I. Pop
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Correspondence to R. Nazar.

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Ishak, A., Nazar, R. & Pop, I. Hydromagnetic flow and heat transfer adjacent to a stretching vertical sheet. Heat Mass Transfer 44, 921–927 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-007-0322-z

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