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Microcystins Induce Morphological and Physiological Changes in Selected Representative Phytoplanktons

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Abstract

Dissolved microcystins (MCs) are regularly present in water dominated by microcystin-producing, bloom-forming cyanobacteria. In vitro experiments with environmentally feasible concentrations (5 × 10−7 M) of the three most common microcystins, MC-LR, MC-RR, and MC-YR, revealed that they influence the metabolism of different representative phytoplanktons. At light intensities that are close to the cyanobacterial bloom environment (50 μmol m−2 s−1), they produce morphological and physiological changes in both microcystin-producing and -nonproducing Microcystis aeruginosa strains and also have similar effects on the green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda that is frequently present in cyanobacterial blooms. All three microcystin variants tested induce cell aggregation, increase in cell volume, and overproduction of photosynthetic pigments. All three effects appear to be related to each other but are not necessarily caused by the same mechanism. The biological activity of microcystins toward the light-harvesting complex of photobionts can be interpreted as a signal announcing the worsening of light conditions due to the massive proliferation of cyanobacteria. Although the function of microcystins is still unknown, it is evident that they have numerous effects on phytoplankton in nature. These effects depend on the individual organism as well as on the various intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways. The fact that dissolved microcystins also influence the physiology of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria leads us to the conclusion that the role of microcystins in the producing cells differs from the role in the water environment.

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Acknowledgment

The authors are thankful to Professor Roger Pain for reading the revised manuscript, to Dr. Andrej Blejec for helping us with statistical analyses, and to Karmen Staniè for technical support. The work was supported by grant P-508 (“Ecotoxinology and Ecotoxicology”) from the Ministry of Education, Science and Sport of Slovenia.

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  1. National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Bojan Sedmak & Tina Eleršek

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  1. Bojan Sedmak
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Correspondence to Bojan Sedmak.

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Sedmak, B., Eleršek, T. Microcystins Induce Morphological and Physiological Changes in Selected Representative Phytoplanktons. Microb Ecol 51, 508–515 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9045-9

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