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Co-inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and the Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Improve Growth and Photosynthesis in Tobacco Under Drought Stress by Up-Regulating Antioxidant and Mineral Nutrition Metabolism

  • Plant Microbe Interactions
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Abstract

Drought stress is a major environmental concern that limits crop growth on a large scale around the world. Significant efforts are required to overcome this issue in order to improve crop production. Therefore, the exciting role of beneficial microorganisms under stress conditions needs to be deeply explored. In this study, the role of two biotic entities, i.e., Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomus versiforme) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR, Bacillus methylotrophicus) inoculation in drought tolerance of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), was investigated. The present results showed that drought stress considerably reduced tobacco plant’s growth and their physiological attributes. However, the plants co-inoculated with AMF and PGPR showed higher drought tolerance by bringing up significant improvement in the growth and biomass of tobacco plants. Moreover, the co-inoculation of AMF and PGPR considerably increased chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophylls, carotenoids, photosynthesis, and PSII efficiency by 96.99%, 76.90%, and 67.96% and 56.88%, 53.22%, and 33.43% under drought stress conditions, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that drought stress enhanced lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. However, the co-inoculation of AMF and PGPR reduced the electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation and significantly enhanced the accumulation of phenols and flavonoids by 57.85% and 71.74%. Similarly, the antioxidant enzymatic activity and the plant nutrition status were also considerably improved in co-inoculated plants under drought stress. Additionally, the AMF and PGPR inoculation also enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations by 67.71% and 54.41% in the shoots of tobacco plants. The current findings depicted that inoculation of AMF and PGPR (alone or in combination) enhanced the growth and mitigated the photosynthetic alteration with the consequent up-regulation of secondary metabolism, osmolyte accumulation, and antioxidant system.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31871646, 31571691), the National Key R & D Program of China (2018YFD0100800), the MOE Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT_17R55), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (KYT201801), and the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCICMCP) Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China

    Naheeda Begum, Ling Wang & Tuanjie Zhao

  2. College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China

    Husain Ahmad

  3. State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China

    Kashif Akhtar

  4. Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh

    Rana Roy

  5. Department of Weed Science, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan

    Muhammad Ishfaq Khan

Authors
  1. Naheeda Begum
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  2. Ling Wang
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  3. Husain Ahmad
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  4. Kashif Akhtar
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  5. Rana Roy
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  6. Muhammad Ishfaq Khan
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  7. Tuanjie Zhao
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Contributions

Study was designed by TZ and NB. Experiments were performed and analyzed by NB and HA. NB wrote the manuscript. NB, HA, LW, KA, RR, MIK, and TZ technically revised the manuscript. TZ supervised the work.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tuanjie Zhao.

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Begum, N., Wang, L., Ahmad, H. et al. Co-inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and the Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Improve Growth and Photosynthesis in Tobacco Under Drought Stress by Up-Regulating Antioxidant and Mineral Nutrition Metabolism. Microb Ecol 83, 971–988 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-021-01815-7

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