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Hairy root culture technology: applications, constraints and prospect

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Abstract

Hairy root (HR) culture, a successful biotechnology combining in vitro tissue culture with recombinant DNA machinery, is intended for the genetic improvement of plants. This technology has been put to use since the last three decades for genetic advancement of medicinal and aromatic plants and also to harvest the economical products in the form of secondary metabolites that are significantly important for their ethnobotanical and pharmacological properties. It also provides an efficient way out for the quicker extraction and quantification of the valuable phytochemicals. The current review provides an account of the in vitro HR culture technology and its wide-scale applications in the field of research as well as in pharmaceutical industries. Different facets of HR with respect to the culture establishment, phytochemical production as well as research investigations concerning the areas of gene manipulation, biotransformation of the secondary metabolites, phytoremediation, their industrial utilisations and different problems encountered during the application of this technology have been covered in this appraisal. Eventually, an idea has been provided on HR about the recent trends on the progress of this technology that may open up newer prospects in near future and calls for further research and explorations in this field.

Key points

• Genetic engineering–based HR culture aims towards enhanced secondary metabolite production.

• This review explores an insight in the HR technology and its multi-faceted approaches.

• Up-to-date ground-breaking research applications and constraints of HR culture are discussed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the e-library assistance from the Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India, and are further thankful to the anonymous reviewer(s) and the editor of this article for their critical comments and suggestions on the manuscript.

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  1. Saikat Gantait and Eashan Mukherjee contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crop Research Unit (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India

    Saikat Gantait

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  1. Saikat Gantait
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SG conceived the idea of the review. SG and EM surveyed the literature and drafted the initial manuscript. SG scrutinised and corrected the manuscript to its final version. Both the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript prior to its submission.

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Correspondence to Saikat Gantait.

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Gantait, S., Mukherjee, E. Hairy root culture technology: applications, constraints and prospect. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 105, 35–53 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-11017-9

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