Abstract
This study investigated the expression rate and molecular modeling of Wzb gene, a low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase, under As stress in Herbaspirillum sp. GW103. Expression of Wzb gene was quantified at transcriptional level through real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed up- and down-regulations of Wzb gene in the presence of As (50 and 100 mg/L). The maximum Wzb transcript expression was 1.2-fold after 72 h exposure to 50 mg/L of As. However, the minimum expression was 0.1-fold after 48 h exposure to 100 mg/L of As. The Wzb protein sequence was retrieved from NCBI sequence database and was used for in silico analysis. 3D structure of Wzb gene was predicted by comparative modeling using modeler 9v9. Further, the model was validated for its quality by Ramachandran plot, ERRAT, Verify 3D, and SAVES server which revealed structure and quality of the Wzb gene model.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bustin SA, Benes V, Nolan T, Pfaffl MW (2005) Quantitative real-time RT-PCR-a perspective. J Mol Endocrinol 34:597–601
Cavalca L, Zanchi R, Corsini A, Colombo M, Romagnoli C, Canzi E, Andreoni V (2010) Arsenic-resistant bacteria associated with roots of the wild Cirsium arvense (L.) plant from an arsenic polluted soil, and screening of potential plant growth-promoting characteristics. Syst Appl Microbiol 33:154–164
Chang JS, Kim YH, Kim KW (2008) The ars genotype characterization of arsenic resistant bacteria from arsenic-contaminated gold–silver mines in the Republic of Korea. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 80:155–165
Colovos C, Yeates TO (1993) Verification of protein structures: patterns of nonbonded atomic interactions. Protein Sci 2:1511–1519
Das HK, Mitra AK, Sengupta PK, Hossain A, Islam F, Rabbani GH (2004) Arsenic concentrations in rice, vegetables and fish in Bangladesh: a preliminary study. Environ Int 30:383–387
Ghodsi H, Hoodaji M, Tahmourespour A, Gheisari MM (2011) Investigation of bioremediation of arsenic by bacteria isolated from contaminated soil. Afr J Microbiol Res 5:5889–5895
Giudice ID, Limauro D, Pedone E, Bartolucci S, Fiorentino G (2013) A novel arsenate reductase from the bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB27: its role in arsenic detoxification. Biochim Biophys Acta 1834:2071–2079
Gnanendra S, Anusuya S, Natarajan J (2012) Molecular modeling and active site analysis of SdiA homolog, a putative quorum sensor for Salmonella typhimurium pathogenicity reveals specific binding patterns of AHL transcriptional regulators. J Mol Model 18:4709–4719
Govarthanan M, Lee GW, Park JH, Kim JS, Lim SS, Seo SK, Cho M, Myung H, Kamala-Kannan S, Oh BT (2014) Bioleaching characteristics, influencing factors of Cu solubilization and survival of Herbaspirillum sp. GW103 in Cu contaminated mine soil. Chemosphere 109:42–48
Govarthanan M, Lee KJ, Cho M, Kim JS, Kamala-Kannan S, Oh BT (2013) Significance of autochthonous Bacillus sp. KK1 on biomineralization of lead in mine tailings. Chemosphere 90:2267–2272
Govarthanan M, Lee SM, Kamala-Kannan S, Oh BT (2015) Characterization, real-time quantification and in silico modeling of arsenate reductase (arsC) genes in arsenic resistant Herbaspirillum sp. GW103. Res Microbiol 166:196–204
Laskowski RA, Chistyakov VV, Thornton JM (2005) PDBsum more: new summaries and analyses of the known 3D structures of proteins and nucleic acids. Nucleic Acids Res 33:266–268
Laskowski RA, MacArthur MW, Moss DS, Thornton JM (1993) PROCHECK a program to check the stereo chemical quality of protein structure. J Appl Cryst 26:283–291
Li R, Haile J, Kennelly PJ (2003) An arsenate reductase from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 exhibits a novel combination of catalytic characteristics. J Biol Chem 185:780–789
Liu Z, Boles E, Rosen BP (2004) Arsenic trioxide uptake by hexose permeases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 279:17312–17318
Luthy R, Bowie JU, Eisenberg D (1992) Assessment of protein models with three-dimensional profiles. Nature 356:83–85
Maniatis T, Fritsch EF, Sambrook J (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor
Mukhopadhyay R, Rosen BP, Phung LT, Silver S (2002) Microbial arsenic: from geocycles to genes. FEMS Microbiol Rev 26:311–325
Oremland RS, Stolz JF (2003) The ecology of arsenic. Science 300:939–944
Osborne TH, Jamieson HE, Hudson-Edwards KA, Nordstrom DK, Walker SR, Ward SA, Santini JM (2010) Microbial oxidation of arsenite in a subarctic environment: diversity of arsenite oxidase genes and identification of a psychrotolerant arsenite oxidizer. BMC Microbiol 10:205
Pandey S, Ghosh PK, Ghosh S, De TK, Maiti TK (2013) Role of heavy metal resistant Ochrobactrum sp. and Bacillus spp. strains in bioremediation of a rice cultivar and their PGPR like activities. J Microbiol 51:11–17
Praburaman L, Myung H, Govarthanan M, Lee KJ, Kamala-Kannan S, Oh BT (2015) Effect of heavy metals on acdS gene expression in Herbaspirillum sp. GW103 isolated from rhizosphere soil. J Basic Microb 55:1–7
Prithivirajsingh S, Mishra SK, Mahadevan A (2001) Functional analysis of a chromosomal arsenic resistance operon in Pseudomonas fluorescens strain MSP3. Mol Biol Rep 28:63–72
Saleh-Lakha S, Shannon KE, Goyer C, Trevors JT (2011) Challenges in quantifying microbial gene expression in soil using quantitative reverse transcription real-time PCR. J Microbiol Methods 85:239–243
Sali A, Blundell TL (1993) Comparative protein modeling by satisfaction of spatial restraints. J Mol Biol 234:779–815
SAVES (2011) http://nihserver.mbi.ucla.edu/SAVES
Silver S, Phung LT (1996) Bacterial heavy metal resistance: new surprises. Annu Rev Microbiol 50:753–789
Silver S, Phung T (2005) Genes and enzymes involved in bacterial oxidation and reduction of inorganic arsenic. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:599–608
Srivastava S, Verma PC, Chaudhry V, Singha N, Abhilash PC, Kumar KV, Sharma N, Singh N (2013) Influence of inoculation of arsenic-resistant Staphylococcus arlettae on growth and arsenic uptake in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Var. R-46. J Hazard Mater 262:1039–1047
Udvardi MK, Czechowski T, Scheible W (2008) Eleven golden rules of quantitative RT-PCR. Plant Cell 20:1736–1737
Valverde A, Tirante MG, Sierra MM, Regina IS, Sanchez AG, Igual JM (2011) Diversity and community structure of culturable arsenic-resistant bacteria across a soil arsenic gradient at an abandoned tungsten–tin mining area. Chemosphere 85:129–134
Wang L, Jeon B, Sahin O, Zhang Q (2009) Identification of an arsenic resistance and arsenic-sensing system in Campylobacter jejuni. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:5064–5073
Williams PN, Price AH, Raab A, Hossain SA, Feldmann J, Meharg A (2005) Variation in arsenic speciation and concentration in paddy rice related to dietary exposure. Environ Sci Technol 39:5531–5540
Wong ML, Medrano JF (2005) Real-time PCR for mRNA quantitation. Biotechniques 39:75–85
Zegers I, Martins JC, Willem R, Wyns L, Messens J (2001) Arsenate reductase from S. aureus plasmid pI258 is a phosphatase drafted for redox duty. Nat Struct Biol 8:843–847
Zeng X, Tang J, Liu X, Jiang P (2012) Response of P. aeruginosa E1 gene expression to cadmium stress. Curr Microbiol 65:799–804
Acknowledgments
This research work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the government (MEST; No. 2011-0020202).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Muthusamy Govarthanan and Jung-Hee Park have contributed equally to this work.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Govarthanan, M., Park, JH., Praburaman, L. et al. Relative Expression of Low Molecular Weight Protein, Tyrosine Phosphatase (Wzb Gene) of Herbaspirillum sp. GW103 Toward Arsenic Stress and Molecular Modeling. Curr Microbiol 71, 311–316 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-015-0850-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-015-0850-6