Abstract
Reduced graphene oxide-reinforced polyaniline and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA/PANI/rGO) nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning method with different rGO content varying from 1 to 5wt%. The PVA/PANI/rGO nanofibers were characterized by SEM, FTIR, Raman, XPS and UV–visible spectroscopy to investigate the morphology, vibrational bonding, elemental composition and optical properties, respectively. The XRD results reveal the broad peak at 2θ = 25° corresponding to (002) for rGO and three peaks at 2θ = 14°, 20° and 25° corresponding to (011), (020) and (200), respectively for PANI. The FTIR signatures at 1088, 1245, 1359, 1411, 1717, 2930 and 3305 cm−1 correspond to ν-(C–O), ν-(N–H), ν-(C–OH), ν-(C=O), ν-(C–H) and ν-(O–H), respectively. The optical bandgap of PVA/PANI/rGO nanofibers was decreased from 4.20 to 4.07 eV as the rGO wt% increased. The structural and electronic network of carbon was analyzed by semiempirical Gaussian peaks to predict various binding energy of core orbital binding energy spectra in PVA/PANI/rGO nanofibers.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Farshad B, Abdulhakeem B, Mopeli F, Saleh K, DamilolaM FT, Julien D, Ncholu M (2015) Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene nanofibers synthesized by electrospinning. J Phys Chem Solids 77:139–145
Ghobadi S, Sadighikia S, Papila M, Cebeci FÇ, GürselS A (2015) Graphene-reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) electrospun fibers as building blocks for high-performance nanocomposites. RSC Adv 5:85009–85018
Piana G, Bella F, Geobaldo F, Meligrana G, Gerbaldi C (2019) PEO/LAGP hybrid solid polymer electrolytes for ambient temperature lithium batteries by solvent-free, “one-pot” preparation. Journal of Energy Storage 26:100947
Suriyakumar S, Gopi S, Kathiresan M, Bose S, Gowd EB, Nair JR, Angulakshmi N, Meligrana G, Bella F, Gerbaldi C, Stephan AM (2018) Metal-organic framework laden poly(ethylene oxide) based composite electrolytes for all-solid-state Li-S and Li-metal polymer batteries. Electrochim Acta 285:355–364
Scalia A, Bella F, Lamberti A, Gerbaldi C, Tresso E (2019) Innovative multipolymer electrolyte membrane designed by oxygen inhibited UV-crosslinking enables solid-state in-plane integration of energy conversion and storage devices. Energy 166:789–795
NairJ R, Colò F, Kazzazi A, Moreno M, Bresser D, Lin R, Bella F, Meligrana G, Fantini S, Simonetti E, Appetecchi GB, Passerini S, Gerbaldi C (2019) Room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-based electrolyte cocktails for safe, high working potential Li-based polymer batteries. J Power Sources 412:398–407
Piana G, Ricciardi M, Bella F, Cucciniello R, Proto A, Gerbaldi C (2020) Poly(glycidyl ether)s recycling from industrial waste and feasibility study of reuse as electrolytes in sodium-based batteries. Chem Eng J 382:122934
ChenL QiuX, BaiZ FanLZ (2021) Enhancing interfacial stability in solid-state lithium batteries with polymer/garnet solid electrolyte and composite cathode framework. Journal of Energy Chemistry 52:210–217
Falco M, Castro L, NairJ R, Bella F, BardéF MeligranaG, GerbaldiC, (2019) UV-cross-linked composite polymer electrolyte for high-rate, Ambient temperature lithium batteries. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2:1600–1607
Yuan C, Zhou Y, Zhu Y, Liang J, Wang S, Peng S, Li Y, Cheng S, Yang M, Hu J, Zhang B, Zeng R, He JLQ (2020) Polymer/molecular semiconductor all-organic composites for high-temperature dielectric energy storage. Nature Commun 11:3919. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17760-x
Zhang Y, Rutledge GC (2012) Electrical conductivity of electrospun polyaniline and polyaniline-blend fibers and mats. Macromolecules 45(10):4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma3005982
Liu W, Zhong T, Liu T, Zhang J, Liu H (2020) Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun Conductive Janus Nanofibers with Polyaniline. ACS Applied Polymer Materials 2(7):2819–2829. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.0c00364
Ruiz J, Gonzalo B, Dios JR, LazaJM VilasJL, LeónLM, (2013) Improving the process-ability of conductive polymers: The case of polyaniline. Adv Polym Technol 32:180–188
Sinha S, Nongthombam S, Devi NA, Rai S, Bhujel R, Singh WI, Biswas A, Swain BP (2020) Conduction mechanism of polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide/Ag2O nanocomposite. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIDCS47293.2020.9179888
Bai H, Shi G (2007) Gas sensors based on conducting polymers. Sensors 7:267–307
Fratoddia I, Vendittia I, Cametti C, RussoaMV, (2015) Chemiresistive polyaniline based gas sensors: A mini-review. Sens Actuators B220:534–548
YangW RKR, RingerSP TP, GoodingJJ BraetF (2010) Carbon nanomaterials in biosensors: Should you use nanotubes or graphene? Angew. Chem Int Ed 49:2114–2138
Moayeri A, Ajji A (2015) Fabrication of polyaniline/poly(ethylene oxide)/noncovalently functionalized graphene nanofibers via electrospinning. Synth Metals 200:7–15
GeimAK NovoselovAK (2007) The rise of graphene. Nat Mater 6:183–191
Du J, Cheng HM (2012) The fabrication, properties, and uses of graphene/polymer composites. Macromol Chem Phys 213:1060–1077
Chen Z, Jiang Y, Xin B, Jiang S, Liu Y, Lin L (2020) Electrochemical analysis of conducting reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers as supercapacitor electrodes. J Mater Sci: Mater Electro 31:5958–5965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-03204-1
Cossio JJB, Peña PA, Gordillo AH, García LFD, Santiago ARP, Echegoyen L, Reguera E (2020) In Situ Aniline-Polymerized Interfaces on GO−PVA nanoplatforms as bifunctional supercapacitors and pH-universal ORR electrodes. ACS Appl Energy Mater 3:4727–4737
Rose A, Prasad KG, Sakthivel T, Gunasekaran V, Maiyalagan T, Vijayakumara T (2018) Electrochemical analysis of Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline/Polyvinyl alcohol composite nanofibers for supercapacitor applications. Appl Surf Sci 449:551–557
Wu J, Zhang Q, Wang J, Huang X, Bai H (2018) A self-assembly route to porous polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide composite materials with molecular-level uniformity for high-performance supercapacitors, Energy Environ. Sci 11:1280–1286. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE00078F
GhobadiS MS, Bakhtiari R, Shamloo B, Sadhu V, Papila M, Fevzi Cebeci Ç, GürselS A (2016) PVA/PANI/rGO ternary electrospun mats as metal-free anti-bacterial substrates. RSC Adv 6:92434–92442
Lin Y, Chen R, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Liu Q, Liu J, Wang Y, Gao L, Wang J (2020) Sandwich-like polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) grafted graphene: A solid-inhibitorscontainer for long term self-healing coatings. Chem Eng J 383:123203
Afzali M, Mostafavi A, Shamspur T (2020) Square wave voltammetric determination of anticancer drug flutamide using carbon paste electrode modified by CuO/GO/PANI nanocomposite. Arabian J Chem. 13:3255–3265
Rai S, Bhujel R, Biswas J, Swain BP (2019) Effect of electrolyte on the supercapacitive behaviour of copper oxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite. Ceram Int 45(11):14136–14145
Devi NA, Nongthombam S, Sinha S, Bhujel R, Rai S, Singh WI, Dasgupta P, Swain BP (2020) Investigation of chemical bonding and supercapacitivity properties of Fe3O4-rGO nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications. Diam Relat Mater 104:107756
Nongthombam S, Devi NA, Sinha S, Bhujel R, Rai S, Ishwarchand W, Laha S, Swain BP (2020) Reduced graphene oxide/gallium nitride nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications. J Phys Chem Solid 141:109406
Sinha S, Devi NA, Nongthombam S, Bhujel R, Rai S, Sarkar G, Swain BP (2020) Investigation of optical, electrical and electrochemical properties of polyaniline/rGO/Ag2O nanocomposite. Diam Relat Mater 107:107885
Bhujel R, Rai S, Deka U, Swain BP (2019) Electrochemical, bonding network, and electrical properties of reduced graphene oxide-Fe2O3 nanocomposite for supercapacitor electrodes applications. J. AlloysCompd 792:250–259
Gounder JT, Kalim D, Chidambaram K, Basheer AM, Kishor SK, Deepalekshmi P, Muhammad F, Arunai NN, Pasha SKK (2017) Influence of CuO nanoparticles and graphene nanoplates on the sensing behavior of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites for the detection of ethanol and propanol vapors. J Mater Sci Mater 10854:8484
Hanan A, Abdellah A (2017) Preparation of Electrospun Nanocomposite Nan0fibers of polyaniline/Poly(methyl methacrylate) with Amino-Functionalized Graphene. Polymers 9:453
Mianqi X, Fengwang L, Juan Z, Hang S, Meining Z, Tingbing C (2012) Structure-based enhanced capacitance: In situ growth of highly ordered polyaniline nanorods on reduced Graphene Oxide patterns. Adv Funct Mater 22:1284–1290
Bhujel R, Swain BP (2019) Investigation of cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy of thermally exfoliated biomass synthesized nickel decorated graphene. J PhysChem Solid 130:242–249
Swain BP (2006) The analysis of the carbon bonding environment in HWCVD deposited a-SiC: H films by XPS and Raman spectroscopy Surf. Coat Techn 201(3–4):1589–1593
Ghadai RK, Das S, Kumar D, Mondal SC, Swain BP (2018) Correlation between structural and mechanical properties of silicon doped DLC thin films Diam. Relat Mater 82:25–32
Ghadai RK, Kalita K, Mondal SC, Swain BP (2019) Genetically optimized diamond-like carbon thin film coatings. Mater Manuf Process 34(13):1476–1487
Bhujel R, Rai S, Baruah K, Deka U, Biswas J, Swain BP (2019) Capacitive and sensing responses of biomass-derived silver decorated graphene. Scientific Rep 9(1):1–14
Swain BP, Hwang NM (2008) Study of structural and electronic environments of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbonitride (a-SiCN:H) films deposited by hot wire chemical vapor deposition. Appl Surf Sci 254:5319–5322
AlarcónL E, Espinosa-PM E, Solis CDA, Gonzalo J, Solis J, Martinez-Orts M, Haro-Poniatowski E (2018) Flex Serv Manu J 124:141
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Dr. Loushambam Herojit Singh, Department of physics, NIT Manipur, for providing UV–visible characterization. We also thank the Department of chemistry, NIT Manipur, for FTIR and XRD characterization of the rGO/PANI/PVA nanofibers composites.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Singh, W.I., Sinha, S., Devi, N.A. et al. Investigation of chemical bonding and electronic network of rGO/PANI/PVA electrospun nanofiber. Polym. Bull. 78, 6613–6629 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03442-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03442-7