Abstract
Autophagy is a vital conserved recycling process where eukaryotic cells remove unwanted proteins and organelles via lysosomal degradation and in turn, generate nutrients for the cells. The special feature of autophagy process is the formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes that engulf cellular cargo and deliver them to the vacuole or lysosomes for degradation. Inspite of more than 40 AuTophaGy (ATG) proteins and several organelles as known membrane source, autophagosome biogenesis is not entirely understood. We recently have discovered that septins contribute to autophagosome biogenesis. Septins are GTP-binding proteins, usually localized at the bud neck region and are involved in cytokinesis. Here, we show that during autophagy prevalent conditions, septins traffic between different cellular compartments such as Golgi, mitochondria, endosomes, plasma membrane, and vacuolar membranes.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Prof. Yoshinori Ohsumi, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, for generously sharing 2xmCherry-Atg8 plasmid, Prof. Subba Rao, IISc, Bangalore, India, for the Golgi marker plasmid RFP-Imh1p-GRIP-pGS396 and Prof. Kausik Chakraborty, IGIB, India, for sharing Septin-GFP strains. This work was supported by Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance Intermediate Fellowship (509159-Z-09-Z) and JNCASR intramural funds to RM.
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GB and PS have performed the experiments. GB and RM wrote the manuscript.
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Communicated by M. Kupiec.
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Movie 1
: Cdc11-GFP cells were grown in YPD until it reaches to 0.6 to 0.8 OD600 and the SD-N medium was added (1OD600/ml). After 2h incubation in starvation medium cells were centrifuged at 20817g for 2 min and were mounted on agarose pads (made in SD-N medium). Time-lapse was carried out for 50 seconds with an interval of 10 seconds at RT. Scale bar 1µm (MOV 123 KB)
Movie 2
Cdc11-GFP cells were grown as mentioned in Fig 1. Cells were centrifuged at 20817g for 2 min and were mounted on agarose pads (made in SD-N medium). Time-lapse was carried out at a single Z plane for 300 seconds with an interval of 10 seconds at RT. Here first 150 seconds are shown. Arrows indicate Cdc11-GFP and FM4-64 stained endosomes simultaneously emerging from the plasma membrane. Scale bar 1µm (AVI 333 KB)
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Barve, G., Sanyal, P. & Manjithaya, R. Septin localization and function during autophagy. Curr Genet 64, 1037–1041 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-018-0834-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-018-0834-8