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Catching the WAVEs of Plant Actin Regulation

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Abstract

Plants, as all other eukaryotic organisms, depend on a dynamic actin cytoskeleton for proper function and development. Actin dynamics is a complex process, regulated by a number of actin-binding proteins and large multiprotein complexes like ARP2/3 and WAVE. The ARP2/3 complex is recognized as a nucleator of actin filaments, and it generates a highly branched network of interlaced microfilaments. Results from multiple organisms show that ARP2/3 activity is regulated through multiple pathways. Recent results from plants point to a signaling pathway leading from the small GTPase RAC/ROP through a protein complex containing the ARP2/3-activating protein WAVE. This signaling pathway appears to be evolutionarily conserved. Support for this regulatory mechanism comes from studies of mutations in genes encoding subunits of the putative ARP2/3 complex and the WAVE complex in Arabidopsis. Several such mutants have defects of actin filament organization, leading to a conspicuous “distorted” trichome phenotype. Multiple growth and developmental phenotypes reported for napp/gnarled/atnap, pirp/pirogi/atpir, and distorted3 mutants reveal that these WAVE proteins are also required for a wider variety of cellular functions in addition to regulating trichome cell growth. These results have implications for the current view on cell morphogenesis in plants.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants NFR 143250/140 and NFR 151991/S10 from the biotechnology and the functional genomics (FUGE) programs of the Norwegian Research Council.

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  1. Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway

    Tore Brembu, Per Winge & Atle M. Bones

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  1. Tore Brembu
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  2. Per Winge
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Correspondence to Atle M. Bones.

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Brembu, T., Winge, P. & Bones, A.M. Catching the WAVEs of Plant Actin Regulation. J Plant Growth Regul 24, 55–66 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-005-1013-y

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