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Cascades of Ionic and Molecular Networks Involved in Expression of Genes Underpin Salinity Tolerance in Cotton

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Abstract

Salt stress is a severe threat to agricultural productivity in many parts of the world. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is an economically important fiber crop globally, and is regarded as a model crop for salinity tolerance research. Although cotton is a relatively salt-tolerant plant, its growth and development, as well as fiber yield and quality, are greatly reduced by severe salt conditions. Salinity tolerance studies in cotton have focused on finding the key molecular genetic processes activated in response to salt stress, for breeding salt-tolerant cotton genotypes. In response to salt stress, cotton exhibits a variety of changes at the molecular, biochemical, and physiological levels. Photosynthetic pathways and metabolism play pivotal roles in redox balance and ion homeostasis. Several stress signaling pathways, for example, abscisic acid, salt overly sensitive (SOS), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and membrane-bound Na+/H+ antiporters, all participate in salinity tolerance. The activation and regulation of specific genes drive this physiological and biochemical plasticity. In cotton, the roles of several transcription factors (for example, WRKY, ZFP, NAC, DREB, bZIP, and ERF) in salt stress tolerance have been well documented. We also highlight the potential areas for future investigation to elucidate the key pathways for effective breeding of salt-tolerant cotton genotypes.

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Funding

This work was supported by Grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31601349), and Grant from the Ministry of Agriculture of China (Grant Nos. 2016ZX08005-004, 2016ZX08009003-003-004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Muhammad Ali Abid, Chengzhen Liang, Waqas Malik, Zhigang Meng, Zhu Tao, Zhaoghong Meng, Sandui Guo & Rui Zhang

  2. Genomics Lab, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan

    Waqas Malik & Javaria Ashraf

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  1. Muhammad Ali Abid
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  8. Sandui Guo
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  9. Rui Zhang
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Contributions

MAA, CL, and RZ conceived and designed the experiments; MAA, WM, ZM, TZ, ZhM, and JA performed data analysis and interpretation; MAA, CL, WM, SG, and RZ wrote the paper.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Sandui Guo or Rui Zhang.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Electronic supplementary material

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344_2017_9744_MOESM1_ESM.xlsx

Supplementary Table 1.Detailed features of transcription factors and expression values under salt stress treatment (XLSX 44 KB)

344_2017_9744_MOESM2_ESM.pptx

Supplementary File S1. Exon/intron structures of each salt tolerant transcription factor in upland cotton. Exons and introns are represented by yellow bold lines and black lines, respectively. The sizes of exons and introns can be determined using the scale at bottom (PPTX 505 KB)

344_2017_9744_MOESM3_ESM.pptx

Supplementary File S2. Schematic description of the conserved motifs in the WRKY, ZFP, NAC, DREB, ERF and bZIP proteins from upland cotton. Each motif is represented by a colored box. The black lines between colored boxes represent the non-conserved protein sequences (PPTX 1181 KB)

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Abid, M.A., Liang, C., Malik, W. et al. Cascades of Ionic and Molecular Networks Involved in Expression of Genes Underpin Salinity Tolerance in Cotton. J Plant Growth Regul 37, 668–679 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-017-9744-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-017-9744-0

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