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Experimental investigation of impinging jet arrays

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Abstract

We report on measurements of the velocity field and turbulence fluctuations in a hexagonal array of circular jets, impinging normally on a plane wall, using particle image velocimetry (PIV). Results for mean velocity and turbulent stresses are presented in various horizontal and vertical planes. From the measurements, we have identified some major features of impinging jet arrays and we discuss their mutual interaction, collision on the plate, and consequent backwash, which generate recirculating motion between the jets. The length of the jet core, the production of turbulence kinetic energy, and the model of the exhaust mechanisms for spent fluid are also discussed. The measurements indicated that the interaction between the self-induced cross flow and the wall jets resulted in the formation of a system of horseshoe-type vortices that circumscribe the outer jets of the array. The instantaneous snapshots of the velocity field reveal some interesting features of the flow dynamics, indicating a breakdown of some of the jets before reaching the plate, which may have consequences on the distribution of the instantaneous heat transfer.

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Abbreviations

D m :

Nozzle diameter in multiple jet array nozzle plate (m)

D s :

Pipe diameter in single jet rig (m)

H :

Distance between nozzle and impingement plate (m)

k :

Turbulent kinetic energy (m2/s2)

L :

Pipe length (m)

P k :

Production of turbulent kinetic energy (m2/s3)

P uu , P vv :

Normal components of P k (m2/s3)

P uv :

Shear component of P k (m2/s3)

s :

Pitch (m)

U bulk :

Surface-averaged exit velocity (single jet) (m/s)

U CL :

Center line jet exit velocity (jet array), m/s

〈u〉, 〈v〉:

Mean velocity components in x and y directions (m/s)

u, v, w :

Instantaneous velocity in x, y, and z directions (m/s)

u′, v′, w′ :

Velocity fluctuation in x, y, and z directions (m/s)

〈u′ 2〉, 〈v′ 2〉, 〈w′ 2〉:

Reynolds normal stress components (m2/s2)

〈u′v′〉:

Reynolds shear stress component (m2/s2)

x, z :

Coordinates parallel to impingement plate (m)

y :

Coordinate perpendicular to impingement plate (m)

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Acknowledgements

This project was sponsored by the STW, TNO-TPD, and Rademaker – Den Boer.

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Author notes

  1. Leon F. G. Geers

    Present address: TNO Prins Maurits Laboratory, P.O. Box 45, 2280 AA, Rÿswýk, The Netherlands

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Thermal and Fluid Sciences, Dept. of Applied Physics, TU Delft, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands

    Leon F. G. Geers, Mark J. Tummers & Kemal Hanjalić

Authors
  1. Leon F. G. Geers
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  2. Mark J. Tummers
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  3. Kemal Hanjalić
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Correspondence to Leon F. G. Geers.

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Geers, L.F.G., Tummers, M.J. & Hanjalić, K. Experimental investigation of impinging jet arrays. Exp Fluids 36, 946–958 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-004-0778-2

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