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A multiphase shock tube for shock wave interactions with dense particle fields

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Abstract

Currently there is a substantial lack of data for interactions of shock waves with particle fields having volume fractions residing between the dilute and granular regimes. To close this gap, a novel multiphase shock tube has been constructed to drive a planar shock wave into a dense gas–solid field of particles. A nearly spatially isotropic field of particles is generated in the test section by a gravity-fed method that results in a spanwise curtain of spherical 100-micron particles having a volume fraction of about 20%. Interactions with incident shock Mach numbers of 1.66, 1.92, and 2.02 are reported. High-speed schlieren imaging simultaneous with high-frequency wall pressure measurements are used to reveal the complex wave structure associated with the interaction. Following incident shock impingement, transmitted and reflected shocks are observed, which lead to differences in particle drag across the streamwise dimension of the curtain. Shortly thereafter, the particle field begins to propagate downstream and spread. For all three Mach numbers tested, the energy and momentum fluxes in the induced flow far downstream are reduced about 30–40% by the presence of the particle field.

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Abbreviations

C v :

Specific heat at constant volume

M :

Mach number

P :

Static pressure

T :

Static temperature

W :

Shock velocity

t :

Time

t i :

Time from arrival of the incident shock at the particle curtain

u :

Streamwise velocity

x :

Streamwise location with origin at the beginning of the driven section

x i :

Streamwise location in an interaction beginning at the particle curtain’s initial upstream edge

y i :

Wall-normal location during an interaction with origin at the center of the test section

z i :

Spanwise location during an interaction with origin at the center of the test section

ρ :

Density

σ :

Standard deviation

φ p :

Particle (solid) volume fraction

1:

Initial driven gas

2:

Downstream of the initial shock

4:

Initial driver gas

i :

Interaction

r :

Reflected

r2:

In the flow induced by the curtain-reflected shock

t :

Transmitted

t2:

In the flow induced by the curtain-transmitted shock

s :

Incident shock

sd:

Incident shock at the location of x i = 425 mm

td:

Transmitted shock at the location of x i = 425 mm

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by an internal Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) grant. The authors gratefully acknowledge this source of support. The authors would also like to thank Marcia Cooper for her assistance in the initial design phases of the shock tube. Finally, the authors are grateful to Yue Ling and Professor Balachandar at the University of Florida who recognized the presence of two contact surfaces in the schlieren imaging. This work is supported by Sandia National Laboratories and the United States Department of Energy. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, Mailstop 0825, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA

    Justin L. Wagner, Steven J. Beresh, Sean P. Kearney, Wayne M. Trott, Jaime N. Castaneda, Brian O. Pruett & Melvin R. Baer

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  1. Justin L. Wagner
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  2. Steven J. Beresh
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  3. Sean P. Kearney
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  4. Wayne M. Trott
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  5. Jaime N. Castaneda
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  6. Brian O. Pruett
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  7. Melvin R. Baer
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Correspondence to Justin L. Wagner.

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Wagner, J.L., Beresh, S.J., Kearney, S.P. et al. A multiphase shock tube for shock wave interactions with dense particle fields. Exp Fluids 52, 1507–1517 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1272-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1272-x

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