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Endoscopic third ventriculostomy with/without choroid plexus cauterization for hydrocephalus due to hemorrhage, infection, Dandy–Walker malformation, and neural tube defect: a meta-analysis

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Abstract

Object

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a viable alternative to CSF shunting in hydrocephalic patients and is used with varying degrees of success dependent on age and etiology. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to analyze data on ETV and ETV/CPC (choroid plexus cauterization) outcomes in hopes of providing a clear understanding of their limitations in patients with hydrocephalus due to hemorrhage, infection, Dandy–Walker malformation, or neural tube disorders.

Methods

An extensive PubMed search dating back 11 years was performed on primary ETV or ETV/CPC procedures for hydrocephalus due to infection, hemorrhage, neural tube defects, and Dandy–Walker malformation. ETV success was defined as no intraoperative or post-operative complications and no need for revision surgery at follow-up.

Results

Ten studies were identified for analysis. The data represent 534 patients undergoing primary ETV and 167 patients undergoing primary ETV/CPC. The ETV group reached a 55 % success rate, while the ETV/CPC group reached a 67 % success rate. Success rates of ETV alone for hydrocephalus due to infection, neural tube defects, and intraventricular hemorrhage reached 54, 55, and 57 %, respectively. 84 % success was found in patients older than 2 years of age and 52 % success in patients less than 2 years of age.

Conclusions

ETV is a valid treatment for hydrocephalus of any etiology. There exists a small difference in success rates between infection, hemorrhage, and neural tube disorders, though not enough to discount ETV for these etiologies. Initial data utilizing ETV/CPC are promising, and additional studies will need to be done to verify such results.

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Conflict of interest

The authors would like to disclose that there exist no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, St. George’s University, West Indies, Grenada

    Anthony Zandian, Matthew Haffner, R. Shane Tubbs & Marios Loukas

  2. Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, AL, USA

    James Johnson, Curtis J. Rozzelle & R. Shane Tubbs

  3. Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Varmia and Mazuria, Olsztyn, Poland

    Marios Loukas

  4. Centre of Anatomy and Human Identification, Dundee University, Dundee, UK

    R. Shane Tubbs

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  1. Anthony Zandian
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  2. Matthew Haffner
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  3. James Johnson
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  5. R. Shane Tubbs
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  6. Marios Loukas
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Correspondence to Marios Loukas.

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Zandian, A., Haffner, M., Johnson, J. et al. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy with/without choroid plexus cauterization for hydrocephalus due to hemorrhage, infection, Dandy–Walker malformation, and neural tube defect: a meta-analysis. Childs Nerv Syst 30, 571–578 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-013-2344-9

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