Abstract
The spatiotemporal distribution of summer rainfall is diverse in origin, namely tropical cyclones (TCs) and quasi-stationary monsoon frontal systems. Here, the contribution of TCs to summer rainfall is singled out for the years of strong vs. weak Changma/Baiu, which is represented by the leading mode of the variability in total rainfall over East Asia (20°–45°N, 105°–150°E) during the summers (July and August) of 1979–2014. Analyzing rain gauge based rainfall and TC best track data indicates that the difference in TC-induced rainfall between strong and weak Changma/Baiu years exhibits distinctive subseasonal evolution from that in non-TC-induced rainfall. A deficit in TC-induced rainfall is mainly observed over eastern China and Taiwan, where a surplus in non-TC-induced rainfall exists. This opposite relationship between the difference in TC-induced and non-TC-induced rainfalls, which is associated with westward extensions of the subtropical high and associated westerlies over the East China Sea, implies that the variations of TC-induced rainfall and non-TC-induced rainfall partly offset each other in certain regions of East Asia. For heavy rainfall (> 50 mm day−1), similar features are observed in the whole East Asia region. The variability of total heavy rainfall is dominated by non-TC-induced rainfall, except for the Yangtze River Valley where the variability of TC-induced rainfall cancels out that of non-TC-induced rainfall.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments on an early version of the paper. This study was funded by the Korea Ministry of Environment as “Climate Change Correspondence Program”. S. Yang was supported by the National Key Research Program of China (Grant 2014CB953904), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41661144019, 41375081), and the “111-Plan” Project of China (Grant B17049). The ERA-Interim reanalysis used in this study was provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts.
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Cheung, H.M., Ho, CH., Jhun, JG. et al. Tropical cyclone signals on rainfall distribution during strong vs. weak Changma/Baiu years. Clim Dyn 51, 2311–2320 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-4014-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-4014-1