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Formation of tonalite from basaltic magma at the Komahashi-Daini Seamount, northern Kyushu-Palau Ridge in the Philippine Sea, and growth of Izu-Ogasawara (Bonin)-Mariana arc crust

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Abstract

Tonalitic rocks dredged from the Komahashi-Daini Seamount, northern Kyushu-Palau Ridge are classified as biotite–hornblende tonalites and hornblende tonalites. These rocks have radiometric ages of 37–38 Ma, indicating that felsic plutonic activity occurred during the early stages of Izu-Ogasawara (Bonin)-Mariana (IBM) arc volcanism. Therefore, this tonalite complex has great importance for understanding the initial processes of island arc and continental crust formation. These tonalitic rocks exhibit the following petrological and geochemical characteristics: (1) common lamellar twins and oscillatory zoning patterns in plagioclase phenocrysts throughout the compositional range; (2) hornblende tonalite shows parallel REE patterns and increasing total REE content with increasing SiO2, except for an increasingly strong negative Eu anomaly at higher SiO2 levels; and (3) isotopic composition remains constant over a wide silica variation. We compare this tonalite with younger tonalities of the same arc from the Tanzawa Complex (10–5 Ma), central Japan, considered to represent the lower–middle crust of the IBM arc, and find the following differences: (1) cumulate textures found in Tanzawa tonalites are not observed in samples from the Komahashi-Daini Seamount; and (2) Komahashi-Daini Seamount tonalites, unlike those from Tanzawa, exhibit linear variations of Zr and REEs vs. SiO2 plots. These data and other observations support the interpretation that tonalite in the Komahashi-Daini Seamount was produced by crystal fractionation from basaltic magma. We suggest that fractional crystallization operated during the early stage of oceanic island arc formation to produce tonalite, whereas tonalities in later stages formed largely by partial melting of basaltic lower crust, as represented by the tonalites in the Tanzawa Complex.

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Acknowledgement

We are much indebted to the captain and crew of the R/V Tansei-maru for sample recovery. We are grateful to Makoto Arima, Shinichi Kawate, Hidetsugu Taniguchi, and Kan Aoike for discussion. We would like to thank Anthony Crawford, an anonymous reviewer, and Timothy L. Grove for their constructive reviews, and Daniel Curewitz for detailed comments on the manuscript. Samples from the GDP cruise have been stored at Kyoto University, and Tsunemasa Shiki and Yoshiyuki Tatsumi kindly gave the authors the permission to use these rocks for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 1-16-1 Minamidai, 164-8639, Tokyo, Japan

    Satoru Haraguchi & Teruaki Ishii

  2. Department of Geoscience, Shimane University, 690-8504, Matsue, Japan

    Jun-Ichi Kimura

  3. Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department of Japan, 104-0045, Tokyo, Japan

    Yasuhiko Ohara

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  1. Satoru Haraguchi
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  2. Teruaki Ishii
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  4. Yasuhiko Ohara
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Correspondence to Satoru Haraguchi.

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Haraguchi, S., Ishii, T., Kimura, JI. et al. Formation of tonalite from basaltic magma at the Komahashi-Daini Seamount, northern Kyushu-Palau Ridge in the Philippine Sea, and growth of Izu-Ogasawara (Bonin)-Mariana arc crust. Contrib Mineral Petrol 145, 151–168 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-002-0433-y

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