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Effects of plyometric exercise session on markers of bone turnover in boys and young men

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Abstract

Introduction

The acute exercise effects on bone markers in adults are unclear, while in children, there are no such data.

Purpose

To investigate the acute response of biochemical markers of bone turnover to a high-impact exercise session consisting of high-mechanical loading in boys and young men.

Methods

Twelve boys (10.2 ± 0.4 years) and 14 men (22.0 ± 0.8 years) underwent a protocol of plyometric jumping exercises (total 144 jumps). Venous blood samples were collected pre-, 5 min, 1 and 24 h post-exercise, and analyzed for markers of bone formation and resorption: bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), amino-terminal cross-linking telopeptide (NTx), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand (RANKL).

Results

Boys had higher resting bone ALP (111.9 ± 29.2 vs. 30.6 ± 11.2 µg/L, p < 0.05) and NTx levels (49.8 ± 13.2 vs. 21.7 ± 5.9 nM BCE, p < 0.05) than men but no group differences were observed in resting OPG or RANKL. Following exercise (24 h), bone ALP and NTx increased in both boys and men (bone ALP: 24.1 vs. 9.9 %, respectively; NTx: 23.5 vs. −5 %, respectively), although the group-by-time interaction was not statistically significant. OPG increased significantly (p < 0.05) in both groups (5.7 and 16.1 %, respectively).

Conclusion

Even one session of plyometric exercises appear to stimulate bone formation in boys and men, as reflected by the increase in bone ALP and OPG. The boys’ response appears more pronounced than the men’s, suggesting that during growth, cellular bone activities respond with greater magnitude to mechanical stimuli.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

BMI:

Body mass index

Bone ALP:

Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase

CTx:

C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen

CV:

Coefficient of variation

GnRH:

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

ICTP:

Carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen

MDE:

Minimal detected effect

NTx:

Amino-terminal cross-linking telopeptide

PHV:

Peak height velocity

PINP:

Procollagen type I c-terminal peptide

PYPAQ:

Past year physical activity questionnaire

OPG:

Osteoprotegerin

RANKL:

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand

RM:

Repeated measures

TRAP5b:

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b

W:

Watts

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank all the participants and their parents who volunteered to participate in this study. The study was funded by a Brock University grant.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical standard

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave., St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada

    Kimberly Kish, Yasmeen Mezil, Wendy E. Ward, Panagiota Klentrou & Bareket Falk

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  1. Kimberly Kish
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  2. Yasmeen Mezil
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  3. Wendy E. Ward
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  4. Panagiota Klentrou
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Correspondence to Bareket Falk.

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Communicated by Olivier Seynnes.

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Kish, K., Mezil, Y., Ward, W.E. et al. Effects of plyometric exercise session on markers of bone turnover in boys and young men. Eur J Appl Physiol 115, 2115–2124 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-015-3191-z

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