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Concomitant external pneumatic compression treatment with consecutive days of high intensity interval training reduces markers of proteolysis

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Abstract

Purpose

To compare the effects of external pneumatic compression (EPC) and sham when used concurrently with high intensity interval training (HIIT) on performance-related outcomes and recovery-related molecular measures.

Methods

Eighteen recreationally endurance-trained male participants (age: 21.6 ± 2.4 years, BMI: 25.7 ± 0.5 kg/m2, VO2peak: 51.3 ± 0.9 mL/kg/min) were randomized to balanced sham and EPC treatment groups. Three consecutive days of HIIT followed by EPC/sham treatment (Days 2–4) and 3 consecutive days of recovery (Days 5–7) with EPC/sham only on Days 5–6 were employed. Venipuncture, flexibility and pressure-to-pain threshold (PPT) measurements were made throughout. Vastus lateralis muscle was biopsied at PRE (i.e., Day 1), 1-h post-EPC/sham treatment on Day 2 (POST1), and 24-h post-EPC/sham treatment on Day 7 (POST2). 6-km run time trial performance was tested at PRE and POST2.

Results

No group × time interaction was observed for flexibility, PPT, or serum measures of creatine kinase (CK), hsCRP, and 8-isoprostane. However, there was a main effect of time for serum CK (p = 0.005). Change from PRE in 6-km run times at POST2 were not significantly different between groups. Significant between-groups differences existed for change from PRE in atrogin-1 mRNA (p = 0.018) at the POST1 time point (EPC: − 19.7 ± 8.1%, sham: + 7.7 ± 5.9%) and atrogin-1 protein concentration (p = 0.013) at the POST2 time point (EPC: − 31.8 ± 7.5%, sham: + 96.0 ± 34.7%). In addition, change from PRE in poly-Ub proteins was significantly different between groups at both the POST1 (EPC: − 26.0 ± 10.3%, sham: + 34.8 ± 28.5%; p = 0.046) and POST2 (EPC: − 33.7 ± 17.2%, sham: + 21.4 ± 14.9%; p = 0.037) time points.

Conclusions

EPC when used concurrently with HIIT and in subsequent recovery days reduces skeletal muscle markers of proteolysis.

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Abbreviations

4HNE:

4-Hydroxynonenal

Ac:

Acetylated

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

APMHR:

Age predicted max heart rate

BCA:

Bicinchonic acid

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

CK:

Creatine kinase

ES:

Effect size

Fbl:

Fibrillarin

GAPDH:

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

hsCRP:

High sensitivity C-reactive protein

EPC:

External pneumatic compression

GXT:

Graded exercise testing

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

HIIT:

High intensity interval training

IgG:

Immunoglobulin G

IκBα:

Nuclear factor of kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor alpha

IL:

Interleukin

HR:

Heart rate

MCP-1:

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1

MuRF-1:

Muscle RING finger 1

NSAIDs:

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor of kappa B

PGC-1α:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1-alpha

poly-Ub:

Poly-ubiquitinated

PPARGC1A:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha

PPT:

Pressure-to-pain threshold

SOD2:

Superoxide dismutase 2

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factorα

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Acknowledgements

Partial reagent and participant compensation costs (50%) were paid through a contract awarded to J.S.M. by Normatec (Newton Centre, MA, USA). The funders did have a role in study design, but had no role in data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The results of this study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation. The authors wish to thank the participants for their time and compliance with demands associated with the study protocol.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA

    Cody T. Haun, Michael D. Roberts, Matthew A. Romero, Shelby C. Osburn, Christopher B. Mobley, Paul A. Roberson, Wesley C. Kephart, Petey W. Mumford, David D. Pascoe & Jeffrey S. Martin

  2. Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn Campus, 910 S. Donahue Drive, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA

    Michael D. Roberts, James C. Healy, Angelique N. Moore, Michael D. Goodlett & Jeffrey S. Martin

  3. Athletics Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA

    Michael D. Goodlett

  4. College of Human Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA

    Angelique N. Moore

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  1. Cody T. Haun
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Correspondence to Jeffrey S. Martin.

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Communicated by William J. Kraemer.

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Haun, C.T., Roberts, M.D., Romero, M.A. et al. Concomitant external pneumatic compression treatment with consecutive days of high intensity interval training reduces markers of proteolysis. Eur J Appl Physiol 117, 2587–2600 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3746-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3746-2

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