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Nutrient availability affects the response of the calcifying chlorophyte Halimeda opuntia (L.) J.V. Lamouroux to low pH

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Abstract

Atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions cause a decrease in the pH and aragonite saturation state of surface ocean water. As a result, calcifying organisms are expected to suffer under future ocean conditions, but their physiological responses may depend on their nutrient status. Because many coral reefs experience high inorganic nutrient loads or seasonal changes in nutrient availability, reef organisms in localized areas will have to cope with elevated carbon dioxide and changes in inorganic nutrients. Halimeda opuntia is a dominant calcifying primary producer on coral reefs that contributes to coral reef accretion. Therefore, we investigated the carbon and nutrient balance of H. opuntia exposed to elevated carbon dioxide and inorganic nutrients. We measured tissue nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon content as well as the activity of enzymes involved in inorganic carbon uptake and nitrogen assimilation (external carbonic anhydrase and nitrate reductase, respectively). Inorganic carbon content was lower in algae exposed to high CO2, but calcification rates were not significantly affected by CO2 or inorganic nutrients. Organic carbon was positively correlated to external carbonic anhydrase activity, while inorganic carbon showed the opposite correlation. Carbon dioxide had a significant effect on tissue nitrogen and organic carbon content, while inorganic nutrients affected tissue phosphorus and N:P ratios. Nitrate reductase activity was highest in algae grown under elevated CO2 and inorganic nutrient conditions and lowest when phosphate was limiting. In general, we found that enzymatic responses were strongly influenced by nutrient availability, indicating its important role in dictating the local responses of the calcifying primary producer H. opuntia to ocean acidification.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Christian Brandt and Andrian Basilico for help with the experimental set-up, Dorothea Dasbach for tissue carbon and nitrogen analysis and Matthias Birkicht for dissolved inorganic nutrient analysis. Funding for this project was provided by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the cooperative research project Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification (BIOACID).

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  1. Marine Botany Department, Bremen Marine Ecology Center for Research and Education, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße NW2, 28359, Bremen, Germany

    Laurie C. Hofmann & Kai Bischof

  2. Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology, Farenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany

    Jasmin Heiden & Mirta Teichberg

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  1. Laurie C. Hofmann
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  2. Jasmin Heiden
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Correspondence to Laurie C. Hofmann.

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Hofmann, L.C., Heiden, J., Bischof, K. et al. Nutrient availability affects the response of the calcifying chlorophyte Halimeda opuntia (L.) J.V. Lamouroux to low pH. Planta 239, 231–242 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-013-1982-1

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