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Functional characterization and expression analysis of two terpene synthases involved in floral scent formation in Lilium ‘Siberia’

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Abstract

Main conclusion

Floral scent formation in Lilium ‘Siberia’ is mainly due to monoterpene presence in the floral profile. LoTPS1 and LoTPS3 are responsible for the formation of (±)-linalool and β-ocimene in Lilium ‘Siberia’.

Lilium ‘Siberia’ is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to Liliaceae family, cultivated both as a cut flower and garden plant. The snowy white flower emits a pleasant aroma which is mainly caused by monoterpenes present in the floral volatile profile. Previously terpene synthase (TPS) genes have been isolated and characterized from various plant species but less have been identified from Liliaceae family. Here, two terpene synthase genes (LoTPS1 and LoTPS3), which are highly expressed in sepals and petals of Lilium ‘Siberia’ flower were functionally characterized recombinant LoTPS1 specifically catalyzes the formation of (Z)-β-ocimene and (±)-linalool as its main volatile compounds from geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP), whereas LoTPS3 is a promiscuous monoterpene synthase which utilizes both GPP and farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) as a substrate to generate (±)-linalool and cis-nerolidol, respectively. Transcript levels of both genes were prominent in flowering parts, especially in sepals and petals which are the main source of floral scent production. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the compounds were emitted throughout the day, prominently during the daytime and lower levels at night following a strong circadian rhythm in their emission pattern. Regarding mechanical wounding, both genes showed considerable involvement in floral defense by inducing the emission of (Z)-β-ocimene and (±)-linalool, elevating the transcript accumulation of LoTPS1 and LoTPS3. Furthermore, the subcellular localization experiment revealed that LoTPS1 was localized in plastids, whilst LoTPS3 in mitochondria. Our findings on these two TPSs characterized from Lilium ‘Siberia’ provide new insights into molecular mechanisms of terpene biosynthesis in this species and also provide an opportunity for biotechnological modification of floral scent profile of Lilium.

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Abbreviations

TPS:

Terpene synthase

GPP:

Geranyl pyrophosphate

FPP:

Farnesyl pyrophosphate

GC–MS:

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

IPP:

Isopentenyl pyrophosphate

DMAPP:

Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate

MEP:

Methylerythritol phosphate

MVA:

Mevalonic acid

GGPP:

Geranylgeranyl diphosphate

ORF:

Open reading frame

qRT-PCR:

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

GFP:

Green fluorescence protein

Mono-TPSs:

Monoterpene synthases

TPSs:

Terpene synthases

GO:

Gene ontology

LB:

Luria–Bertani

IPTG:

Isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside

PMSF:

Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

PDMS:

Polydimethylsiloxane

LSCM:

Laser scanning confocal microscopy

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcription PCR

DA:

Decanoic acid

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education Program to Rangcai Yu: Promote Scientific Research and High-level Personnel Training of Cooperation with the American and Oceanica areas, International Cooperation of Science and Technology Research of Guangdong to Rangcai Yu (Grant no. 2009B050700038), and a Specialized Major Project of the Production-Study-Research Collaborative Innovation of Guangzhou Science and Information Bureau to Yanping Fan (Grant no. 156100058).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China

    Farhat Abbas, Yanguo Ke & Yanping Fan

  2. College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China

    Rangcai Yu

  3. Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan

    Farhat Abbas

  4. Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China

    Yanping Fan

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  1. Farhat Abbas
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  2. Yanguo Ke
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  3. Rangcai Yu
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  4. Yanping Fan
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Correspondence to Rangcai Yu or Yanping Fan.

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Abbas, F., Ke, Y., Yu, R. et al. Functional characterization and expression analysis of two terpene synthases involved in floral scent formation in Lilium ‘Siberia’. Planta 249, 71–93 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-018-3006-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-018-3006-7

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