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Metazoan parasite communities in Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Alosa fallax (Lacépède, 1803) (Clupeidae) from North-East Atlantic coastal waters and connected rivers

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Abstract

Metazoan parasites were studied in 96 Alosa alosa and 78 Alosa fallax from North-East Atlantic coastal waters and connected rivers (among them three sympatric sites) in order to increase knowledge on these anadromous endangered fish and measure the parasitic impact on host condition. All shads were infected by one to six metazoan parasite taxa among the 12 identified in the whole sampling, with a mean abundance of parasites higher for A. alosa (167 ± 10) than for A. fallax (112 ± 11). Helminths, mostly trophically transmitted, were the best represented (eight taxa, prevalence up to 99%) in contrast with crustaceans and Petromyzontidae that rarely occurred (four taxa, prevalence <6%). Despite some quantitative differences, metazoan parasite communities of A. alosa and A. fallax remained stable in composition whatever the host developmental stage, sex, sample site, and salinity. Among the nine parasite taxa harbored by each Alosa species, six were shared with some differences in distribution patterns including in sympatric conditions, suggesting increasing dissimilarities between A. alosa and A. fallax with the age. Information on feeding ecology provided by trophically transmitted helminths confirmed euryphagous opportunistic diet of immatures and adults of both shad species, and assessed feeding of adults during spawning migrations. Our study also revealed the significant negative impact of Hemiurus appendiculatus on A. alosa and Pronoprymna ventricosa on A. fallax. Because helminth parasites are omnipresent in the shads and decrease their fitness, parasitological data must be included in further investigations and management programs on A. alosa and A. fallax.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development (‘Programme de connaissances Natura2000 amphihalins en mer’). Authors warmly thank the numerous fishermen and local angling federation for providing the fish. We gratefully acknowledge Valérie Briand (UMR ECOBIO 6553) for her bibliographical support and the colleagues (E. Chavance, C. Oudard, E. Sola, and T. Lavigne) who collaborated to the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UMR ECOBIO 6553, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes, France

    Claudia Gérard

  2. IGEPP, Université de Rennes 1, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes, France

    Maxime Hervé

  3. Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France

    Mélanie Gay & Odile Bourgau

  4. UMR 7208 BOREA, Service des Stations Marines, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 38 rue du Port Blanc, 35800, Dinard, France

    Eric Feunteun & Anthony Acou

  5. ESE Agrocampus-Ouest INRA, Ecologie Halieutique, Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042, Rennes, France

    Elodie Réveillac

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  1. Claudia Gérard
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Gérard, C., Hervé, M., Gay, M. et al. Metazoan parasite communities in Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Alosa fallax (Lacépède, 1803) (Clupeidae) from North-East Atlantic coastal waters and connected rivers. Parasitol Res 116, 2211–2230 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-017-5525-8

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