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Contrasting patterns of diameter and biomass increment across tree functional groups in Amazonian forests

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Abstract

Species’ functional traits may help determine rates of carbon gain, with physiological and morphological trade-offs relating to shade tolerance affecting photosynthetic capacity and carbon allocation strategies. However, few studies have examined these trade-offs from the perspective of whole-plant biomass gain of adult trees. We compared tree-level annual diameter increments and annual above-ground biomass (AGB) increments in eight long-term plots in hyper-diverse northwest Amazonia to wood density (ρ; a proxy for shade tolerance), whilst also controlling for resource supply (light and soil fertility). ρ and annual diameter increment were negatively related, confirming expected differences in allocation associated with shade tolerance, such that light-demanding species allocate a greater proportion of carbon to diameter gain at the expense of woody tissue density. However, contrary to expectations, we found a positive relationship between ρ and annual AGB increment in more fertile sites, although AGB gain did not differ significantly with ρ class on low-fertility sites. Whole-plant carbon gain may be greater in shade-tolerant species due to higher total leaf area, despite lower leaf-level carbon assimilation rates. Alternatively, rates of carbon loss may be higher in more light-demanding species: higher rates of litterfall, respiration or allocation to roots, are all plausible mechanisms. However, the relationships between ρ and AGB and diameter increments were weak; resource availability always exerted a stronger influence on tree growth rates.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the School of Geography, University of Leeds, for financial support. This work was partially funded by NERC grant NE/B503384/1. We also thank the Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana (IIAP) and Explorama for logistical support and Jérôme Chave for use of the ρ data base. Oliver Phillips was supported by a NERC grant and by a Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship and Tim Baker acknowledges funding from NERC fellowship NE/C517484/1 and a RCUK fellowship at the University of Leeds.

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  1. Earth and Biosphere Institute, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK

    Helen C. Keeling, Timothy R. Baker & Oliver L. Phillips

  2. Proyecto Flora del Perú, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa, Peru

    Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez & Abel Monteagudo

  3. Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru

    Abel Monteagudo

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  1. Helen C. Keeling
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Correspondence to Helen C. Keeling.

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Keeling, H.C., Baker, T.R., Martinez, R.V. et al. Contrasting patterns of diameter and biomass increment across tree functional groups in Amazonian forests. Oecologia 158, 521–534 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-008-1161-4

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