Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Cytotoxicity properties of plant-mediated synthesized K-doped ZnO nanostructures

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, potassium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (K-doped ZnO NPs) were green-synthesized using pine pollen extracts based on bioethics principles. The synthesized NPs were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles (NPs) on normal macrophage cells and cancer cell lines was evaluated. In the same concentrations of K-doped ZnO and pure ZnO NPs, K-doped ZnO NPs demonstrated higher toxicity. The results confirmed that the doped potassium could increase cytotoxicity. The IC50 of K-doped ZnO NPs, pure ZnO NPs, and the examined control drug were 497 ± 15, 769 ± 12, and 606 ± 19 µg/mL, respectively. Considering the obtained IC50 of K-doped ZnO NPs, they were more toxic to the cancer cell lines and had less cytotoxicity on normal macrophage cells.

Graphic abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bamorovat M et al (2021) Major risk factors and histopathological profile of treatment failure, relapse and chronic patients with anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis: a prospective case-control study on treatment outcome and their medical importance. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 15(1):e0009089

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Amiri MS et al (2021) Plant-based gums and mucilages applications in pharmacology and nanomedicine: a review. Molecules 26(6):1770

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Arkaban H et al (2021) Development of a multifunctional system based on CoFe2O4@ polyacrylic acid NPs conjugated to folic acid and loaded with doxorubicin for cancer theranostics. Nanotechnology 32(30):305101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Barani M et al (2021) Nanodiagnosis and nanotreatment of colorectal cancer: an overview. J Nanopart Res 23(1):1–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Barani M et al (2020) Nanotechnology in ovarian cancer: diagnosis and treatment. Life Sci 266:118914

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Barani M et al (2021) Nanotechnology in bladder cancer: diagnosis and treatment. Cancers 13(9):2214

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Karimi T et al (2021) A long-lasting emerging epidemic of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in southeastern Iran: population movement and peri-urban settlements as a major risk factor. Parasit Vectors 14(1):122

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Wang Z et al (2021) Pegylated azelaic acid: synthesis, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, antibacterial activity and cytotoxic studies. J Mol Struct 1224:129234

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Sun S et al (2021) BP4RNAseq: a babysitter package for retrospective and newly generated RNA-seq data analyses using both alignment-based and alignment-free quantification method. Bioinformatics 37(9):1319–1321

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Niu M, Lin Y, Zou Q (2021) sgRNACNN: identifying sgRNA on-target activity in four crops using ensembles of convolutional neural networks. Plant Mol Biol 105(4):483–495

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Zou Q et al (2019) Gene2vec: gene subsequence embedding for prediction of mammalian N6-methyladenosine sites from mRNA. RNA 25(2):205–218

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Sharifi F et al (2018) 2018 Antileishmanial effect of coffea arabica, salvia rhytidea and bunium persicum against leishmania major and leishmania tropica promastigotes and their cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities. Eur J Med Plants 22:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Rahimi S et al (2016) Comparing the photocatalytic process efficiency using batch and tubular reactors in removal of methylene blue dye and COD from simulated textile wastewater. J Water Reuse Desalin 6(4):574–582

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Miao R et al (2019) Variability of aboveground litter inputs alters soil carbon and nitrogen in a coniferous–broadleaf mixed forest of Central China. Forests 10(2):188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Yang Y, Liu J, Zhou X (2021) A CRISPR-based and post-amplification coupled SARS-CoV-2 detection with a portable evanescent wave biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 190:113418

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Mosazadeh F, Mohammadi SZ, Sarhadi AH (2018) Electrochemical determination of acetaminophen by using modified screen printed carbon electrode. Anal Bioanal Electrochem 10:1163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Xu L, Jiang S, Wu J, Zou Q (2021) An in silico approach to identification, categorization and prediction of nucleic acid binding proteins. Brief Bioinform 22(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaa171

  18. Barani M et al (2021) Progress in the application of nanoparticles and graphene as drug carriers and on the diagnosis of brain infections. Molecules 26(1):186

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Barani M et al (2020) Nanotreatment and nanodiagnosis of prostate cancer: recent updates. Nanomaterials 10(9):1696

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Barani M et al (2020) A new formulation of hydrophobin-coated niosome as a drug carrier to cancer cells. Mater Sci Eng C 113:110975

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Sargazi S et al (2021) Synthesis, characterization, toxicity and morphology assessments of newly prepared microemulsion systems for delivery of valproic acid. J Mol Liquids 338:116625

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Okey-Onyesolu CF et al (2021) Nanomaterials as nanofertilizers and nanopesticides: an overview. ChemistrySelect 6(33):8645–8663

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Barani M et al (2021) Nanotechnology for inflammatory bowel disease management: Detection, imaging and treatment. Sens Biosens Res 32:100417

    Google Scholar 

  24. Sabir F et al (2021) Onco-Receptors targeting in lung cancer via application of surface-modified and hybrid nanoparticles: a cross-disciplinary review. Processes 9(4):621

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Arshad R et al (2021) Multi-functionalized nanomaterials and nanoparticles for diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma. Biosensors 11(4):97

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Motamedi N et al (2021) Enhancement of thermostability of aspergillus flavus urate oxidase by immobilization on the Ni-based magnetic metal–organic framework. Nanomaterials 11(7):1759

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Hosseinikhah SM et al (2021) Nanomaterials for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 22(6):3092

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Khatami M et al (2020) Calcium carbonate nanowires: greener biosynthesis and their leishmanicidal activity. RSC Adv 10(62):38063–38068

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Khan AU et al (2020) Selected nanotechnologies and nanostructures for drug delivery, nanomedicine and cure. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 43(8):1339–1357

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Rabiee N et al (2021) Diatoms with invaluable applications in nanotechnology, biotechnology, and biomedicine: recent advances. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 7(7):3053–3068

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Lv B-J et al (2021) Effects of minor Nd and Er additions on the precipitation evolution and dynamic recrystallization behavior of Mg–6.0 Zn–0.5 Mn alloy. J Magnes Alloys 9(3):840–852

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Barani M et al (2018) Lawsone-loaded niosome and its antitumor activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line: a nano-herbal treatment for cancer. DARU J Pharm Sci 26:1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Khatami M et al (2021) Simplification of gold nanoparticle synthesis with low cytotoxicity using a greener approach: opening up new possibilities. RSC Adv 11(6):3288–3294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Surendra TV et al (2016) RSM optimized Moringa oleifera peel extract for green synthesis of M. oleifera capped palladium nanoparticles with antibacterial and hemolytic property. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 162:557–550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Hamidian K et al (2021) Doped and un-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles: biosynthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic study. Ceram Int 47(10):13895–13902

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Khatami M et al (2020) Greener synthesis of rod shaped zinc oxide nanoparticles using Lilium ledebourii tuber and evaluation of their Leishmanicidal activity. Iran J Biotechnol 18(1):e2196–e2196

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Miri A et al (2021) Iron oxide nanoparticles: biosynthesis, magnetic behavior, cytotoxic effect. ChemistryOpen 10(3):327

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Yılmaz Öztürk B, Yenice GB, Dağ İ (2020) Antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using marine red algae Gelidium corneum. Process Biochem 89:208–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Dağlıoğlu, Y. and Yılmaz Öztürk B., A novel intracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Desmodesmus sp (Scenedesmaceae): different methods of pigment change. Rendiconti Lincei Scienze Fisiche e Naturali, 2019. 30(3), p 611–621.

  40. Jamdagni P et al (2018) Comparative account of antifungal activity of green and chemically synthesized Zinc Oxide nanoparticles in combination with agricultural fungicides. Int J Nano Dimens 9(2):198–208

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Minhas FT et al (2018) Evaluation of antibacterial properties on polysulfone composite membranes using synthesized biogenic silver nanoparticles with Ulva compressa (L.) Kütz and Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kütz extracts. Int J Biol Macromol 107:157–165

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Alijani HQ et al (2021) Biosynthesis of spinel nickel ferrite nanowhiskers and their biomedical applications. Sci Rep 11(1):17431

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Rahman A et al (2021) Zinc oxide and zinc oxide-based nanostructures: biogenic and phytogenic synthesis, properties and applications. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 44:1–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Khatami M et al (2017) Evaluation of antibacterial activity of iron oxide nanoparticles against Escherichia coli. Practice 18:19

    Google Scholar 

  45. Rahman A et al (2021) Visible light induced antibacterial and antioxidant studies of ZnO and Cu-doped ZnO fabricated using aqueous leaf extract of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. J Environ Chem Eng 9(4):105481

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Raeisi M et al (2021) Magnetic cobalt oxide nanosheets: green synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 44:1423–1432

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Fournet A, Muñoz V (2002) Natural products as trypanocidal, antileishmanial and antimalarial drugs. Curr Top Med Chem 2(11):1215–1237

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Feng X et al (2020) Traditional application and modern pharmacological research of Artemisia annua L. Pharmacol Ther 216:107650

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Juteau F et al (2002) Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Artemisia annua essential oil. Fitoterapia 73(6):532–535

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Rahman A et al (2021) Influence of Mg and Cu dual-doping on phytogenic synthesized ZnO for light induced antibacterial and radical scavenging activities. Mater Sci Semicond Process 128:105761

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Rahman A et al (2021) Effect of Mg doping on ZnO fabricated using aqueous leaf extract of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. for antioxidant and antibacterial studies. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 44(4):875–889

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Liu CH et al (2001) Antifungal activity of Artemisia annua endophyte cultures against phytopathogenic fungi. J Biotechnol 88(3):277–282

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Karamoddini MK et al (2011) Antiviral activities of aerial subsets of Artemisia species against Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) in vitro. Asian Biomed 5(1):63–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Ryu J-H et al (2011) Antioxidant and anticancer activities of Artemisia annua L. and determination of functional compounds. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 40(4):509–516

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Deepika S, Selvaraj CI, Roopan SM (2020) Screening bioactivities of Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. swartz and cytotoxicity of extract synthesized silver nanoparticles on HCT116 cell line. Mater Sci Eng 10:110279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Bhakuni R et al (2001) Secondary metabolites of Artemisia annua and their biological activity. Curr Sci 80:35–48

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Wang Z, Fang C, Megharaj M (2014) Characterization of iron-polyphenol nanoparticles synthesized by three plant extracts and their fenton oxidation of azo dye. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2(4):1022–1025

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Elmorsi T (2017) Toward visible-light responsive photocatalysts: nano-potassium doping zinc oxide (K-ZnO) for degradation of 2-naphthol. Phys Chem 7(2):42–53

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Gupta MK, Sinha N, Kumar B (2011) p-type K-doped ZnO nanorods for optoelectronic applications. J Appl Phys 109(8):083532

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Khashan KS et al (2020) Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of anti-bacterial, anti-parasitic and anti-cancer activities of aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 30(9):3677–3693

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Sepúlveda AAL et al (2020) Efficacy of photodynamic therapy using TiO2 nanoparticles doped with Zn and hypericin in the treatment of cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania amazonensis. Photodiagn Photodyn Ther 30:101676

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Khatami M et al (2018) Rectangular shaped zinc oxide nanoparticles: green synthesis by Stevia and its biomedical efficiency. Ceram Int 44(13):15596–15602

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Morth JP et al (2007) Crystal structure of the sodium–potassium pump. Nature 450(7172):1043–1049

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was funded by Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences under research project (grant number 400016).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Fariba Borhani or Mehrdad Khatami.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors confirm that the content of this article involves no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Haghighat, M., Alijani, H.Q., Ghasemi, M. et al. Cytotoxicity properties of plant-mediated synthesized K-doped ZnO nanostructures. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 45, 97–105 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-021-02643-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-021-02643-2

Keywords

Navigation