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Carbon, sulfur, oxygen and strontium isotope records, organic geochemistry and biostratigraphy across the Permian/Triassic boundary in Abadeh, Iran

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Abstract

Pelagic deposits at Abadeh represent a complete biostratigraphic record across the Permian/Triassic boundary (PTB). The presumed water depth during deposition of these sediments was between 60 and 90 m. Similar to other Permian/Triassic boundary sections, the succession at Abadeh is characterised by a negative carbon isotope shift of approximately 4‰. The values start to decrease in the lower C. changxingensis - C. deflecta s.l. Zone, reach −0.12‰ (V-PDB) in the uppermost Permian just below the PTB, remain low to the early I. isarcica Zone (−0.32‰) and increase subsequently in the upper I. isarcica Zone. For the time interval of the PTB negative carbon isotope excursion, between the C. iranica and the I. isarcica Zones, no correlation exists between the δ13Ccarb and the δ18Ocarb. The above observations argue against the conclusion of Heydari et al. (2001) that the carbon isotope event at the P/T transition is an alteration artefact and not a global signal. The decrease in δ13Ccarb is accompanied by a ~5‰ (and potentially up to 10‰) increase in δ34SSSS. Together, these features are thought to reflect a complex global event, notably the development of widespread anoxic oceans with anoxic bottom layers rising onto the shelves. For the carbon isotope drop, other factors, such as the collapse of ocean primary productivity may also have played a role. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of Dzhulfian seawater show only a minor increase from 0.70705 to 0.70710, reaching 0.70720 in the Dorashamian. The increase becomes steeper in the Early Triassic reaching 0.70754 in the N. dieneri Zone. The rise of the strontium isotope values is thought to be related to enhanced continental weathering under humid climatic conditions in the uppermost Permian (C. meishanensis - H. praeparvus Zone) and the lack of a dense land vegetation in the Early Triassic, prior to the Spathian (Upper Olenekian).

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Acknowledgments

This project was financially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Le 469/10–1 and Ve 112/14–3) and by the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina (BMBF-LPD 9901/838). The sampling in Iran, carried out by the second author, was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and by the Geological Survey of Iran in Tehran and Täbris, particularly by B. Hamdi, H. Partoazar and B. Sedghi. The analytical work of C. Spötl (Innsbruck), D. Buhl and U. Schulte (both Bochum), D. Lutz (Erlangen), and technical assistance of B. Raczek (Bochum), M. Wimmer (Innsbruck), and A. Fugmann (Münster) is greatly appreciated. We thank H. Weissert and P. Wignall for review of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Geophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany

    Christoph Korte & Ján Veizer

  2. Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Christoph Korte

  3. Rézsü u. 83, 1029, Budapest, Hungary

    Heinz W. Kozur

  4. Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie, Universität Erlangen, Schlossgarten 5, 91054, Erlangen, Germany

    Michael M. Joachimski

  5. Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 24, 48149, Münster, Germany

    Harald Strauss

  6. Geologisches Institut der Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 49 a, 50674, Köln, Germany

    Lorenz Schwark

  7. Ottawa-Carleton Geoscience Center, University of Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada

    Ján Veizer

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Correspondence to Christoph Korte.

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Korte, C., Kozur, H.W., Joachimski, M.M. et al. Carbon, sulfur, oxygen and strontium isotope records, organic geochemistry and biostratigraphy across the Permian/Triassic boundary in Abadeh, Iran. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 93, 565–581 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-004-0406-7

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