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Influence of soil organic matter decomposition on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in terms of asymbiotic hyphal growth and root colonization

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Abstract

Soil organic matter is known to influence arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, but limited information is available on the chemical components in the organic matter causing these effects. We studied the influence of decomposing organic matter (pure cellulose and alfalfa shoot and root material) on AM fungi after 30, 100, and 300 days of decomposition in nonsterile soil with and without addition of mineral N and P. Decomposing organic matter affected maize root length colonized by the AM fungus Glomus claroideum in a similar manner as other plant growth parameters. Colonized root length was slightly increased by both nitrogen and phosphorus application and plant materials, but not by application of cellulose. In vitro hyphal growth of Glomus intraradices was increased by soil extracts from the treatments with all types of organic materials independently of mineral N and P application. Pyrolysis of soil samples from the different decomposition treatments revealed in total 266 recognizable organic compounds and in vitro hyphal growth of G. intraradices in soil extract positively correlated with 33 of these compounds. The strongest correlation was found with 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid methyl ester. This compound is a typical product of pyrolysis of phenolic compounds produced by angiosperm woody plants, but in our experiment, it was produced mainly from cellulose by some components of the soil microflora. In conclusion, our results indicate that mycelia of AM fungi are influenced by organic matter decomposition both via compounds released during the decomposition process and also by secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms involved in organic matter decomposition.

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Acknowledgements

The financial supports from Czech Science Foundation (Grants 526/03/0188 and 526/06/0540) and Institutional Research Concept AVZ50200510 are gratefully acknowledged. We thank Tina Tønnersen for fatty acid analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic

    Milan Gryndler, Hana Hršelová, Tomáš Cajthaml, Veronika Řezáčová & Hana Gryndlerová

  2. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 01, Prague, Czech Republic

    Marie Havránková

  3. Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic

    Marie Havránková

  4. Department of Integrated Pest Management, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Aarhus, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark

    John Larsen

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  1. Milan Gryndler
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Correspondence to Milan Gryndler.

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Gryndler, M., Hršelová, H., Cajthaml, T. et al. Influence of soil organic matter decomposition on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in terms of asymbiotic hyphal growth and root colonization. Mycorrhiza 19, 255–266 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-008-0217-y

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