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Perylene diimide/MXene-modified graphitic pencil electrode-based electrochemical sensor for dopamine detection

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Abstract

The synthesis of novel architecture comprising perylene diimide (PDI)-MXene (Ti3C2TX)-integrated graphitic pencil electrode for electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA) is reported. The good electron passage between PDI-MXene resulted in an unprecedented nano-adduct bearing enhanced electrocatalytic activity with low-energy electronic transitions. The anionic groups of PDI corroborated enhanced active surface area for selective binding and robust oxidation of DA, thereby decreasing the applied potential. Meanwhile, the MXene layers acted as functional conducive support for PDI absorption via strong H-bonding. The considerable conductivity of MXene enhanced electron transportation thus increasing the sensitivity of sensing interface. The inclusively engineered nano-adduct resulted in robust DA oxidation with ultra-sensitivity (38.1 μAμM−1cm−2), and low detection limit (240 nM) at very low oxidation potential (−0.135 V). Moreover, it selectively signaled DA in the presence of physiological interferents with wide linearity (100–1000 μM). The developed transducing interface performed well in human serum samples with RSD (0.1 to 0.4%) and recovery (98.6 to 100.2%) corroborating the viability of the practical implementation of this integrated system.

Schematic illustration of the oxidative process involved on constructed sensing interface for the development of a non-enzymatic dopamine sensor.

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Funding

MHN received financial supports provided by HEC (20-4993/R&D/HEC/14/614) and CUI (16-14/CRGP/CIIT/LHR/15/776).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan

    Umay Amara, Akhtar Hayat, Muhammad Nasir & Mian Hasnain Nawaz

  2. Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan

    Umay Amara & Khalid Mahmood

  3. School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, H-12, Pakistan

    Muhammad Taqi Mehran & Bilal Sarfaraz

  4. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan

    Sara Riaz

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  1. Umay Amara
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Amara, U., Mehran, M.T., Sarfaraz, B. et al. Perylene diimide/MXene-modified graphitic pencil electrode-based electrochemical sensor for dopamine detection. Microchim Acta 188, 230 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-021-04884-0

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