Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

High genetic diversity detected in the endemic Primula apennina Widmer (Primulaceae) using ISSR fingerprinting

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Plant Systematics and Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Primula apennina Widmer is endemic to the North Apennines (Italy). ISSR were used to detect the genetic diversity within and among six populations representative of the species distribution range. High levels of genetic diversity were revealed both at population percentage of polymorphic band (PPB = 75.92%, H S = 0.204, H pop = 0.319) and at species level (PPB = 96.95%, H T = 0.242, H sp = 0.381). Nei gene diversity statistics (15.7%), Shannon diversity index (16.3%) and AMOVA (14%) detected a moderate level of interpopulation diversity. Principal coordinate and Bayesian analyses clustered the populations in three major groups along a geographic gradient. The correlation between genetic and geographic distances was positive (Mantel test, r = 0.232). All together, these analyses revealed a weak but significant spatial genetic structure in P. apennina, with gene flow acting as a homogenizing force that prevents a stronger differentiation of populations. Conservation measures are suggested based on the observed pattern of genetic variability.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alessandrini A, Branchetti G (1997) Flora Reggiana. Provincia di Reggio Emilia, Regione Emilia-Romagna. Cierre edizioni, Verona

    Google Scholar 

  • Bassam BJ, Anollés GC, Gresshoff PM (1991) Fast and sensitive silver staining of DNA in polyacrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 196:80–83

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bornet B, Branchard M (2001) Nonanchored inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers: reproducible and specific tools for genome fingerprinting. Plant Mol Biol Rep 19:209–215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ceriani RM, Perini D, De Andreis R, Brusa G, Cerabolini B (2005) Confronto della variabilità genetica tra popolazioni della specie endemica Primula glaucescens Moretti a fini conservazionistici. Inf Bot Ital 37:196–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Conte L, Cotti C, Schicchi R, Raimondo F, Cristofolini G (2004) Detection of ephemeral genetic sub-structure in the narrow endemic Abies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei (Pinaceae) using RAPD markers. Plant Biosyst 138(3):279–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conti F, Manzi A, Pedrotti F (1992) Libro Rosso delle Piante d’Italia. WWF, Roma

    Google Scholar 

  • Conti F, Manzi A, Pedrotti F (1997) Liste Rosse Regionali delle Piante d’Italia. Associazione Italiana per il World Wildlife Fund & Società Botanica Italiana, Camerino

    Google Scholar 

  • Conti E, Suring E, Boyd D, Jorgensen J, Grant J, Kelso S (2000) Phylogenetic relationships and character evolution in Primula L.: the usefulness of ITS sequence data. Plant Biosyst 134:385–392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corander J, Marttinen P (2005) BAPS: Bayesian analysis of population structure—manual v. 3.2. University of Helsinki, Helsinki

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellstrand NC, Elam DR (1993) Population genetic consequences of small population size: implications for plant conservation. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 24:217–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frankel O, Brown AHD, Burdon JJ (1995) The conservation of plant biodiversity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Gitzendanner MA, Soltis PS (2000) Patterns of genetic variation in rare and widespread plant congeners. Am J Bot 87:783–792

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guggisberg A, Mansion G, Kelso S, Conti E (2006) Evolution of biogeographic patterns, ploidy levels, and breeding systems in a diploid-polyploid species complex of Primula. New Phytol 171:617–632

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD (2001) PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol Electronica 4(1):9

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamrick JL, Godt MJW (1996) Conservation genetics of endemic plant species. In: Avise JC, Hamrick JL (eds) Conservation genetics: case histories from nature. Chapman & Hall, Melbourne, pp 281–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Honjo M, Ueno S, Tsumura Y, Washitani I, Ohsawa R (2004) Phylogeographic study based on intraspecific sequence variation of chloroplast DNA for the conservation of genetic diversity in the Japanese endangered species Primula sieboldii. Biol Conserv 120:211–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones CJ, Edwards KJ, Castaglione S, Winfield MO, Sale F, Van de Wiel C, Bredemeijer G, Buiatti M, Maestri E, Malcevshi A, Marmiroli N, Aert R, Volckaert G, Rueda J, Linacero R, Vazquez A, Karp A (1997) Reproducibility testing of RAPD, AFLP and SSR markers in plants by a network of European laboratories. Mol Breed 3:381–390

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karron JD (1991) Patterns of genetic variation and breeding systems in rare plant species. In: Falk DA, Holsinger KE (eds) Genetic and conservation of rare plants. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 87–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimball RT, Crawford DJ, Page JR, Harmon PJ (2001) Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) diversity within Monarda fistulosa var. brevis (Lamiaceae) and divergence between var. brevis and var. fistulosa in West Virginia. Brittonia 53(4):511–518

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitamoto N, Honjo M, Ueno S, Takenaka A, Tsumura Y, Washitani I, Ohsawa R (2005) Spatial genetic structure among and within populations of Primula sieboldii growing beside separate streams. Mol Ecol 14:149–157

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewontin RC (1972) The apportionment of human diversity. Evol Biol 6:381–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguire TL, Sedgley M (1997) Genetic diversity in Banksia and Dryandra (Proteaceae) with emphasis on Banksia cuneata, a rare and endangered species. Heredity 79:394–401

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mantel N (1967) The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Res 27:209–220

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mast A, Kelso S, Richards AJ, Lang DJ, Feller DMS, Conti E (2001) Phylogenetic relationships in Primula L. and related genera (Primulaceae) based on noncoding chloroplast data. Int J Plant Sci 162:1381–1400

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nan P, Peng SL, Ren H, Shi SH, Tian CJ, Zhong Y (2002) Genetic diversity of Primula ovalifolia from central and southwest China based on ISSR markers. J Genet Mol Biol 13:119–123

    Google Scholar 

  • Nan P, Shi S, Peng S, Tian C, Zhong Y (2003) Genetic diversity in Primula obconica (Primulaceae) from Central and South-west China as revealed by ISSR markers. Ann Bot 91:329–333

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nei M (1973) Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70:3321–3323

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nei M (1977) F-statistics and analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Ann Hum Genet Lond 41:225–233

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peakall R, Smouse PE (2006) GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Mol Ecol Notes 6:288–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perini D, Meloni M, Wolff K, Binelli G (2007) Isolation and characterization of microsatellite in Primula glaucescens Moretti and their cross-species amplification in P. spectabilis Tratt. Conserv Genet 8:1263–1266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramp Neale JM, Ranker TA, Collinge SK (2008) Conservation of rare species with island-like distributions: A case study of Lasthenia conjugens (Asteraceae) using population genetic structure and the distribution of rare markers. Plant Species Biol 23:97–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ranker TA (1994) Evolution of high genetic variability in the rare Hawaiian fern Adenophorus periens and implications for conservation management. Biol Conserv 70:19–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reisch C, Kellermeier J (2007) Microscale variation in alpine grasslands: AFLPs reveal a high level of genotypic diversity in Primula minima (Primulaceae). Bot J Linn Soc 155:549–556

    Google Scholar 

  • Reisch C, Anke A, Rohl M (2005) Molecular variation within and between ten populations of Primula farinosa (Primulaceae) along an altitudinal gradient in the northern Alps. Basic Appl Ecol 6:35–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richards JH (1986) Plant breeding systems. Allen & Unwin, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossetto M, Weaver PK, Dixon KW (1995) Use of RAPD analysis in devising conservation strategies for the rare and endangered Grevillea scapigera (Proteaceae). Mol Ecol 4:321–329

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slatkin M, Barton NH (1989) A comparison of three indirect methods for estimating average levels of gene flow. Evolution 43:1349–1368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Geert A, Van Rossum F, Triest L (2008) Genetic diversity in adult and seedling populations of Primula vulgaris in a fragmented agricultural landscape. Conserv Genet 9:845–853

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang FY, Ge XJ, Gong X, Hu CM, Hao G (2008) Strong genetic differentiation of Primula sikkimensis in the East Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains. Biochem Genet 46:75–87

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Washitani I, Ishihama F, Matsumura C, Nagai M, Nishihiro J, Nishihiro MA (2005) Conservation ecology of Primula sieboldii: synthesis of information toward the prediction of the genetic/demographic fate of a population. Plant Species Biol 20:3–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williamson PS, Werth CR (1999) Levels and pattern of genetic variation in the endangered species Abronia macrocarpa (Nyctaginaceae). Am J Bot 86:293–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xue D-W, Ge X-J, Hao G, Zhang C-Q (2004) High genetic diversity in a rare, narrowly endemic primrose species: Primula interjacens by ISSR analysis. Acta Bot Sin 46:1163–1169

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan HF, Peng CI, Hu CM, Hao G (2007) Phylogeographic structure of Primula obconica (Primulaceae) inferred from chloroplast microsatellites (cpSSRs) markers. Acta Phytotaxon Sin 45:488–496

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yeh FC, Yang RC, Boyle T, Ye ZH, Mao JX (1997) POPGENE, the user friendly shareware for population genetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang LB, Kadereit JW (2004) Classification of Primula sect. Auricula (Primulaceae) based on two molecular data sets (ITS, AFLPs), morphology and geographical distribution. Bot J Linn Soc 146:1–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang LB, Comes HP, Kadereit JW (2004) The temporal course of quaternary diversification in the European high mountain endemic Primula sect. Auricula (Primulaceae). Int J Plant Sci 165:191–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang XL, Yuan YM, Ge XJ (2007) Genetic structure and differentiation of Gentiana atuntsiensis W. W. Smith and G. striolata T. N. Ho (Gentianaceae) as revealed by ISSR markers. Bot J Linn Soc 154:225–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The authors thank Sonia Aneli and Valeria Nervagna (Parco dei Cento Laghi, PR) for their willingness to accommodate their requests in fieldwork, Willy Reggioni (Parco Nazionale dell’Appennino Tosco-Emiliano, RE) for permission to sample and the staff of the CAI refuge “G. Mariotti” (Mt. Sterpara, PR) for providing helpful suggestions in plant sampling. The research was supported by a grant from the Italian MIUR (Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca) to Prof Giovanni Cristofolini (PRIN 2005: ‘‘Approccio integrato alla speciazione e filogenesi delle piante nell’area del Mediterraneo’’).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Evolutionary Biology, Bologna University, via Irnerio, 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy

    Silvia Crema, Giovanni Cristofolini, Martina Rossi & Lucia Conte

Authors
  1. Silvia Crema
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Giovanni Cristofolini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Martina Rossi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Lucia Conte
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Silvia Crema.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Crema, S., Cristofolini, G., Rossi, M. et al. High genetic diversity detected in the endemic Primula apennina Widmer (Primulaceae) using ISSR fingerprinting. Plant Syst Evol 280, 29–36 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-009-0167-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-009-0167-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation