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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus uses cell-surface heparan sulfate as an attachment factor

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Abstract

It is well known that many viruses use heparan sulfate as the initial attachment factor. In the present study, we determined whether porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an emerging veterinary virus, infects Vero cells by attaching to heparan sulfate. Western blot analysis, real-time PCR, and plaque formation assay revealed that PEDV infection was inhibited when the virus was pretreated with heparin (an analogue of heparan sulfate). There was no inhibitory effect when the cells were pre-incubated with heparin. We next demonstrated that enzymatic removal of the highly sulfated domain of heparan sulfate by heparinase I treatment inhibited PEDV infection. We also confirmed that sodium chlorate, which interferes with heparan sulfate biosynthesis, also inhibited PEDV infection. Furthermore, we examined the effect of two heparin derivatives with different types of sulfation on PEDV infection. The data suggested de-N-sulfated heparin, but not N-acetyl-de-O-sulfated heparin, inhibits PEDV infection. In summary, our studies revealed that heparan sulfate acts as the attachment factor of PEDV in Vero cells.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (A0201200499) and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China

    Chang-chao Huan, Yue Wang, Bo Ni, Rui Wang, Li Huang, Hong-jie Fan & Xiang Mao

  2. Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China

    Guang-zhi Tong, Chan Ding & Xiang Mao

  3. Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China

    Hong-jie Fan

  4. College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, He Longjiang Province, 150030, China

    Xiao-feng Ren

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  1. Chang-chao Huan
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  2. Yue Wang
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  5. Li Huang
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  9. Hong-jie Fan
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Correspondence to Hong-jie Fan or Xiang Mao.

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Huan, Cc., Wang, Y., Ni, B. et al. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus uses cell-surface heparan sulfate as an attachment factor. Arch Virol 160, 1621–1628 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2408-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2408-0

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