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Immunological aspects of rabies: a literature review

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Abstract

Rabies is a lethal disease caused by the neurotropic virus rabies virus (RABV), and it remains an important public health problem globally. It is known that the host immune response is important for control of viral infection and promoting viral clearance. In this context, it is well documented that, in addition to RABV neutralizing antibody, interferons and cell-mediated immunity also have an important role in preventing the establishment of disease. On the other hand, RABV suppresses host immunity through different mechanisms, for example, direct inhibition of host gene expression, sequestration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or modification of cytokine signalling pathways, which hinder the protective host immune responses to RABV infection. Here, we review the immunological aspects of rabies, highlighting innate and adaptive immunity, as well as the host evasion immune mechanisms used by the virus. Finally, we briefly discuss how this knowledge can direct new research and be harnessed for future therapeutic strategies.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Instituto Pasteur for the institutional support and to Samuel da Silva for his assistance with figures.

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Author notes

  1. Iana Suly Santos Katz, Fernanda Guedes, Elaine Raniero Fernandes and Sandriana dos Ramos Silva contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Instituto Pasteur, 393, Paulista Avenue, São Paulo, SP, 01311-000, Brazil

    Iana Suly Santos Katz, Fernanda Guedes, Elaine Raniero Fernandes & Sandriana dos Ramos Silva

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  4. Sandriana dos Ramos Silva
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Correspondence to Sandriana dos Ramos Silva.

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Katz, I.S.S., Guedes, F., Fernandes, E.R. et al. Immunological aspects of rabies: a literature review. Arch Virol 162, 3251–3268 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3484-0

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