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Chemo-mechanical coupling in curing and material-interphase evolution in multi-constituent materials

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Abstract

Chemical reactions at bimaterial interfaces during manufacturing of fiber–matrix systems result in an interphase that plays a dominant role in the response of the composite when subjected to mechanical loads. An accurate modeling of the degree of cure in the interfacial region, because of its effect on the evolving properties of the interphase material, is critical to determining the coupled chemo-mechanical interphase stresses that influence the structural integrity of the composite and its fatigue life. A mixture model for curing and interphase evolution is presented that is based on a consistent thermodynamic theory for multi-constituent materials. The mixture model is cast in a stabilized finite element method that is developed employing variational multi-scale ideas for edge-based stabilization and consistent tying of the constituents at the domain boundaries. The ensuing computational method accounts for curing and interphase chemical reactions for the evolution of the density and material modulus of the constituents that have a direct effect on the interfacial stiffness and strength. Several test cases are presented to show the range of applicability of the model and the method.

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Acknowledgements

Partial support for this work was provided by AFRL under Contract No. FA8650-13-C-5214 and FA8650-16-M-5047. This support is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 3129e Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, MC-250, Urbana, IL, 61801-2352, USA

    Harishanker Gajendran & Arif Masud

  2. Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB, Dayton, OH, 45433-7750, USA

    Richard B. Hall

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    Kumbakonam R. Rajagopal

Authors
  1. Harishanker Gajendran
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  2. Richard B. Hall
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  3. Arif Masud
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  4. Kumbakonam R. Rajagopal
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Correspondence to Arif Masud.

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Arif Masud: From the thermodynamics perspective “interphase” is classified as the state when material transitions from one stable thermodynamic phase to another between its gaseous, liquid and solid states. However, in this paper we use the term “interphase material” for the material across the bimaterial interface that evolves due to chemical reactions into a state with properties that asymptote to those of the two-constituent materials normal to the interface.

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Gajendran, H., Hall, R.B., Masud, A. et al. Chemo-mechanical coupling in curing and material-interphase evolution in multi-constituent materials. Acta Mech 229, 3393–3414 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-018-2170-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-018-2170-y

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