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A review of the immunomodulatory role of dietary tryptophan in livestock and poultry

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Abstract

Tryptophan, a nutritionally essential amino acid, is active in the regulation of immune responses in animals. The products of tryptophan metabolism, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, kynurenine, quinolinic acid, and melatonin, may improve immunity in an organism and induce anti-inflammatory responses. The immune tolerance processes mediated by tryptophan metabolites are not well understood. Recent studies have reported that the enzymes that break down tryptophan through the kynurenine metabolic pathway are found in numerous cell types, including immunocytes. Moreover, some tryptophan metabolites have been shown to play a role in the inhibition of T lymphocyte proliferation, elevation of immunoglobulin levels in the blood, and promotion of antigen-presenting organization in tissues. This review summarizes the effects and mechanisms of tryptophan and metabolites in immune functions in livestock and poultry. It also highlights the areas in which our understanding of the role(s) of tryptophan is incomplete and suggests possible future research that might prove of benefit to livestock and poultry producers.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to express sincere gratitude to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501964; 31402088) for fulfillment of the research. The research was also funded by a research program of State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University (Project No. SKLF-ZZB-201509), Key research and development program of Shandong province (2015STS007) and the Chinese Academy of Science STS Project (KFJ-EW-STS-063).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330029, Jiangxi, China

    Xin Wu & Yinlong Yin

  2. Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China

    Miaomiao Bai, Hongnan Liu, Kang Xu, Abimbola Oladele Oso, Xin Wu, Gang Liu, Myrlene Carine B. Tossou & Yinlong Yin

  3. College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China

    Miaomiao Bai, Qianyun Xi & Yinlong Yin

  4. Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, PMB 2240, Nigeria

    Abimbola Oladele Oso

  5. Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi & Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan

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  1. Miaomiao Bai
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Correspondence to Hongnan Liu or Yinlong Yin.

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Bai, M., Liu, H., Xu, K. et al. A review of the immunomodulatory role of dietary tryptophan in livestock and poultry. Amino Acids 49, 67–74 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-016-2351-8

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