Abstract
This research aims to study the bearing capacity of pre-bored rock-socketed concrete pile on coral reef calcarenite. Constant normal stiffness direct shear test is performed on the interface between the pile and the coral reef calcarenite sample. Observations are made towards the friction mechanism of the pile-rock interface and the consequent shear dilation behaviors. It is shown that the shear failure occurs exclusively inside the coral reef calcarenite. This is attributed to the diffusion and agglomeration of cement paste in the highly porous coral reef calcarenite during the construction. The shear strength of the pile-rock interface increases as the applied normal stress increases. The dilation of the shear failure surface after the peak strength decreases as the applied normal stress increases. When the applied normal stress amounts to 4 MPa, shrinkage is observed for the shear failure surface. When the pile-rock interface slides, the residual shear strength of the interface increases as the applied normal stress increases. Meanwhile, the curve of the residual shear strength versus the shear displacement is affected by the shape and the roughness of the shear failure surface and it fluctuates under different levels of normal stress.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Carter JP, Airey DW, Fahey M (1999) A review of laboratory testing of calcareous soils. Proceedings of the second international conference on engineering for calcareous sediments. Bahrain 2:401–432
Cuccovillo T, Coop M (1999) On the mechanics of structured sands. Geotechnique 49(6):741–760
Cui GJ, Zhang CQ, Liu LP (2018) Study of effect of shear velocity on mechanical characteristics of bolt-grout interface. Rock Soil Mech 39(S1):275–281
DL/T5368-2007 Code for rock tests of hydroelectric and water conservancy engineering (2007). China Electric Power Press, Beijing
Given RK, Wilkinson BH (1985) Kinetic control of morphology, composition and mineralogy of abiotic sedimentary carbonates. J Sediment Petrol 55(1):109–119
Gunasena U, Joer HA, Randolph MF (1995) Design approach for grouted driven piles in calcareous soil. Proceedings of 27th Annual Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, pp 271–280
Huang JT, Airey DW (1993) Effects of cement and density on artificially cemented sand. Geotechn Eng Hard Soils-Soft Rocks 1:553–560
Indraratna B, Haque A, Aziz N (1998) Laboratory modelling of shear behaviour of soft joints under constant normal stiffness conditions. Geotech Geol Eng 16:17–44
Johnston IW, Novello EA, Carter JP et al (1988) Constant normal stiffness direct shear testing of calcarenite. Proceedings of the International Conference on Calcareous Sediments, Perth, Institution of Engineers, 2: pp 541–553
Lagioia R, Nova R (1995) An experimental and theoretical study of the behaviour of a calcarenite in triaxial compression. Geotechnique 45(4):633–648
Lagioia R, Borland JB, Delage P (1998) Pre-yield behaviour of Gravina calcarenite at small strains. The Geotechnics of Hard Soils-Soft Rocks, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Hard Soils-Soft Rocks, Naples, Italy, 1: pp 629–636
Leroueil S, Vaughan PR (1990) The general and congruent effort of structure in nature soils and weak rocks. Geotechnique 40(3):467–488
Liu HF, Zhu CQ, Wang R et al (2020) Shear test on reef limestone-concrete bonding interface. Rock Soil Mech 41(5):1540–1548
Nyland GW (1988) Detailed engineering geological investigation of North Rankin ‘A’ platform site. Proceedings of the International Conference on Calcareous Sediments, Perth, Institution of Engineers, 2: pp 503–512
Rubbert LF (1974) The natural history of crystalline calcium carbonate: effect of magnesium content and salinity. J Sediment Petrol 44(1):40–53
SL237-1999 Specification of soil test (1999). China Water Power Press, Beijing
Tang ZC, Wong LNY (2016) Influences of normal loading rate and shear velocity on the shear behavior of artificial rock joints. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(6):2165–2172 (in Chinese)
Wang R, Song CJ, Zhao HT, Zhu CQ et al (1997) The coral reef engineering geology of the Nansha Islands. Science Press, Beijing
Williams AF, Van der Zwaag GL (1988) Analysis and evaluation of grouted section tests. Proceedings of the International Conference on Calcareous Sediments, Perth, Institution of Engineers, 2: pp 493–502
Yeoh CK, Airey DW (1998) Drained cyclic response of an artificially cemented calcareous sand. The Geotechnics of Hard Soils-Soft Rocks, Balkema, 2: pp. 935–942
Zhang MS (1985) On problems of beachrock. Marine Geol Quat Geol 5(2):105–112 (in Chinese)
Zhao HT (1996) The natural geography of the Nansha Islands. Science Press, Beijing
Zhao MM, Airey DW (1992) Fatigue testing of an artificially cemented calcareous sand. Proceedings of the 2nd International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, San Francisco, 1: pp 424–429
Zhu ZD, Xing FD, Qu WP, Chen WZ (2006) Fractal description of shear strength of cementation plane between rock and concrete. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 25(S1):2910–2917
Zhu CQ, Liu HF, Zhou B (2016) Micro-structures and the basic engineering properties of beach calcarenites in South China Sea. Ocean Eng 3(114):224–235
Zhu CQ, Liu HF, Wang X, Meng QS, Wang R (2017) Engineering geotechnical investigation for coral reef site of the cross-sea bridge between Malé and Airport Island. Ocean Eng 12(146):298–310
Funding
This study was financially supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA13010201, XDA13010301), Self-Deployment Project of Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. ISEE2020YB09), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41877271).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, H., Zhu, C., Wang, R. et al. Characterization of the interface between concrete pile and coral reef calcarenite using constant normal stiffness direct shear test. Bull Eng Geol Environ 80, 1757–1765 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-02039-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-02039-8