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Dysbiosis signature of mycobiota in colon polyp and colorectal cancer

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Abstract

Microbiota refers to a colony of microorganisms, and they are found in all multicellular organisms. This colony plays a major role in both the physiology and disease of the organism it inhabits. Much attention has been paid to host–microbiota interactions, but there has been little investigation on its role in carcinogenesis. In this study, we characterized a fecal mycobiota, also known as fungal signature, for the first time with 131 subjects, comprising polyp and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, as well as a healthy control population. The data obtained were analyzed to assess the biodiversity and composition of the fungi. The impacts of anatomic position and tumor stage on the mycobiota were also evaluated. Correlations between fungi were investigated using the Spearman test. We observed fungal dysbiosis in colon polyps and CRC, including decreased diversity in polyp patients, an increased Ascomycota/Basidiomycota ratio, and an increased proportion of opportunistic fungi Trichosporon and Malassezia, which might favor the progression of CRC. Subsequent analysis with regard to tumor stage demonstrated a lower diversity and significant mycobiota alteration in early-stage tumors. Finally, the fungal correlation showed a close relationship within the community and concomitantly revealed a dramatically structured discrepancy in each clinical phenotype. In conclusion, our study has uncovered a distinct fungal dysbiosis and an alteration in the fungal network, which could play important roles in polyp and CRC pathogenesis.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all the subjects who participated in the study. We also want to thank Shanghai Realbio technology Co., Ltd. for their technical assistance in this study.

Funding

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 81230057, 81372615, 81472262, and 81200264); Emerging Cutting-Edge Technology Joint Research projects of Shanghai (SHDC12012106) and Tongji University Subject Pilot Program (no. 162385).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Jingan District, Shanghai, China

    R. Gao, C. Kong, H. Li, L. Huang, X. Qu & H. Qin

  2. Research Institute for Intestinal Diseases affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

    R. Gao, C. Kong, H. Li, L. Huang, X. Qu, N. Qin & H. Qin

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  1. R. Gao
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  2. C. Kong
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  3. H. Li
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Contributions

R.Y. and H.L. designed the study; R.Y. and H.L. collected the samples; R.Y., L.S., and C.K. performed the experiments and data analysis, R.Y. and N.Q. interpreted the results; and R.Y. and H.L. wrote the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. Qin.

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Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the ethics committee of Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital (no. SHSY-IEC-KY-4.0/17-139/01) and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest associated with this study or its results.

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Fig. S1

Sequencing depth represented by Chao 1 (a) and observed species (b) in all samples from the colorectal cancer (C), polyp (P), and healthy control (N) groups (GIF 78 kb)

High Resolution Image (TIFF 2262 kb)

Fig. S2

Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) detected and diversity in the colorectal cancer (C), polyp (P), and healthy control (N) groups. a Shared and specific OTUs in the C, P, and N groups. b Number of core OTU (Y axis) changes in all samples of the three groups, along with the fraction of samples increasing. Calculated α diversity, including observed species diversity index (c), Chao 1 diversity index (d), and Shannon diversity index (e), in the C, P, and N groups (GIF 78 kb)

High Resolution Image (TIFF 3234 kb)

Fig. S3

The change in fungal diversity in early- and late-stage colorectal cancer. Shannon diversity index (a) and Simpson index (b) were calculated and showed statistical significance between the early and late cancer stages (p Shannon = 0.004; p Simpson = 0.01) (GIF 24 kb)

High Resolution Image (TIFF 1134 kb)

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Gao, R., Kong, C., Li, H. et al. Dysbiosis signature of mycobiota in colon polyp and colorectal cancer. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 36, 2457–2468 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-017-3085-6

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